/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */ /* * linux/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S -- start in 32bit and switch to 64bit * * Copyright (C) 2000 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> * Copyright (C) 2000 Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de> * Copyright (C) 2001,2002 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> * Copyright (C) 2005 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> */ #include <linux/linkage.h> #include <linux/threads.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/pgtable.h> #include <asm/segment.h> #include <asm/page.h> #include <asm/msr.h> #include <asm/cache.h> #include <asm/processor-flags.h> #include <asm/percpu.h> #include <asm/nops.h> #include "../entry/calling.h" #include <asm/export.h> #include <asm/nospec-branch.h> #include <asm/apicdef.h> #include <asm/fixmap.h> #include <asm/smp.h> /* * We are not able to switch in one step to the final KERNEL ADDRESS SPACE * because we need identity-mapped pages. */ #define l4_index(x) (((x) >> 39) & 511) #define pud_index(x) (((x) >> PUD_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PUD-1)) L4_PAGE_OFFSET = l4_index(__PAGE_OFFSET_BASE_L4) L4_START_KERNEL = l4_index(__START_KERNEL_map) L3_START_KERNEL = pud_index(__START_KERNEL_map) .text __HEAD .code64 SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(startup_64) UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK /* * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 0, * and someone has loaded an identity mapped page table * for us. These identity mapped page tables map all of the * kernel pages and possibly all of memory. * * %RSI holds the physical address of the boot_params structure * provided by the bootloader. Preserve it in %R15 so C function calls * will not clobber it. * * We come here either directly from a 64bit bootloader, or from * arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S. * * We only come here initially at boot nothing else comes here. * * Since we may be loaded at an address different from what we were * compiled to run at we first fixup the physical addresses in our page * tables and then reload them. */ mov %rsi, %r15 /* Set up the stack for verify_cpu() */ leaq (__end_init_task - PTREGS_SIZE)(%rip), %rsp leaq _text(%rip), %rdi /* Setup GSBASE to allow stack canary access for C code */ movl $MSR_GS_BASE, %ecx leaq INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(fixed_percpu_data)(%rip), %rdx movl %edx, %eax shrq $32, %rdx wrmsr call startup_64_setup_env /* Now switch to __KERNEL_CS so IRET works reliably */ pushq $__KERNEL_CS leaq .Lon_kernel_cs(%rip), %rax pushq %rax lretq .Lon_kernel_cs: UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT /* * Activate SEV/SME memory encryption if supported/enabled. This needs to * be done now, since this also includes setup of the SEV-SNP CPUID table, * which needs to be done before any CPUID instructions are executed in * subsequent code. Pass the boot_params pointer as the first argument. */ movq %r15, %rdi call sme_enable #endif /* Sanitize CPU configuration */ call verify_cpu /* * Perform pagetable fixups. Additionally, if SME is active, encrypt * the kernel and retrieve the modifier (SME encryption mask if SME * is active) to be added to the initial pgdir entry that will be * programmed into CR3. */ leaq _text(%rip), %rdi movq %r15, %rsi call __startup_64 /* Form the CR3 value being sure to include the CR3 modifier */ addq $(early_top_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax jmp 1f SYM_CODE_END(startup_64) SYM_CODE_START(secondary_startup_64) UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK ANNOTATE_NOENDBR /* * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 0, * and someone has loaded a mapped page table. * * We come here either from startup_64 (using physical addresses) * or from trampoline.S (using virtual addresses). * * Using virtual addresses from trampoline.S removes the need * to have any identity mapped pages in the kernel page table * after the boot processor executes this code. */ /* Sanitize CPU configuration */ call verify_cpu /* * The secondary_startup_64_no_verify entry point is only used by * SEV-ES guests. In those guests the call to verify_cpu() would cause * #VC exceptions which can not be handled at this stage of secondary * CPU bringup. * * All non SEV-ES systems, especially Intel systems, need to execute * verify_cpu() above to make sure NX is enabled. */ SYM_INNER_LABEL(secondary_startup_64_no_verify, SYM_L_GLOBAL) UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK ANNOTATE_NOENDBR /* Clear %R15 which holds the boot_params pointer on the boot CPU */ xorq %r15, %r15 /* * Retrieve the modifier (SME encryption mask if SME is active) to be * added to the initial pgdir entry that will be programmed into CR3. */ #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT movq sme_me_mask, %rax #else xorq %rax, %rax #endif /* Form the CR3 value being sure to include the CR3 modifier */ addq $(init_top_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax 1: #ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE /* * Preserve CR4.MCE if the kernel will enable #MC support. * Clearing MCE may fault in some environments (that also force #MC * support). Any machine check that occurs before #MC support is fully * configured will crash the system regardless of the CR4.MCE value set * here. */ movq %cr4, %rcx andl $X86_CR4_MCE, %ecx #else movl $0, %ecx #endif /* Enable PAE mode, PGE and LA57 */ orl $(X86_CR4_PAE | X86_CR4_PGE), %ecx #ifdef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL testl $1, __pgtable_l5_enabled(%rip) jz 1f orl $X86_CR4_LA57, %ecx 1: #endif movq %rcx, %cr4 /* Setup early boot stage 4-/5-level pagetables. */ addq phys_base(%rip), %rax /* * For SEV guests: Verify that the C-bit is correct. A malicious * hypervisor could lie about the C-bit position to perform a ROP * attack on the guest by writing to the unencrypted stack and wait for * the next RET instruction. */ movq %rax, %rdi call sev_verify_cbit /* * Switch to new page-table * * For the boot CPU this switches to early_top_pgt which still has the * indentity mappings present. The secondary CPUs will switch to the * init_top_pgt here, away from the trampoline_pgd and unmap the * indentity mapped ranges. */ movq %rax, %cr3 /* * Do a global TLB flush after the CR3 switch to make sure the TLB * entries from the identity mapping are flushed. */ movq %cr4, %rcx movq %rcx, %rax xorq $X86_CR4_PGE, %rcx movq %rcx, %cr4 movq %rax, %cr4 /* Ensure I am executing from virtual addresses */ movq $1f, %rax ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE jmp *%rax 1: UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK ANNOTATE_NOENDBR // above #ifdef CONFIG_SMP /* * For parallel boot, the APIC ID is read from the APIC, and then * used to look up the CPU number. For booting a single CPU, the * CPU number is encoded in smpboot_control. * * Bit 31 STARTUP_READ_APICID (Read APICID from APIC) * Bit 0-23 CPU# if STARTUP_xx flags are not set */ movl smpboot_control(%rip), %ecx testl $STARTUP_READ_APICID, %ecx jnz .Lread_apicid /* * No control bit set, single CPU bringup. CPU number is provided * in bit 0-23. This is also the boot CPU case (CPU number 0). */ andl $(~STARTUP_PARALLEL_MASK), %ecx jmp .Lsetup_cpu .Lread_apicid: /* Check whether X2APIC mode is already enabled */ mov $MSR_IA32_APICBASE, %ecx rdmsr testl $X2APIC_ENABLE, %eax jnz .Lread_apicid_msr /* Read the APIC ID from the fix-mapped MMIO space. */ movq apic_mmio_base(%rip), %rcx addq $APIC_ID, %rcx movl (%rcx), %eax shr $24, %eax jmp .Llookup_AP .Lread_apicid_msr: mov $APIC_X2APIC_ID_MSR, %ecx rdmsr .Llookup_AP: /* EAX contains the APIC ID of the current CPU */ xorq %rcx, %rcx leaq cpuid_to_apicid(%rip), %rbx .Lfind_cpunr: cmpl (%rbx,%rcx,4), %eax jz .Lsetup_cpu inc %ecx #ifdef CONFIG_FORCE_NR_CPUS cmpl $NR_CPUS, %ecx #else cmpl nr_cpu_ids(%rip), %ecx #endif jb .Lfind_cpunr /* APIC ID not found in the table. Drop the trampoline lock and bail. */ movq trampoline_lock(%rip), %rax movl $0, (%rax) 1: cli hlt jmp 1b .Lsetup_cpu: /* Get the per cpu offset for the given CPU# which is in ECX */ movq __per_cpu_offset(,%rcx,8), %rdx #else xorl %edx, %edx /* zero-extended to clear all of RDX */ #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */ /* * Setup a boot time stack - Any secondary CPU will have lost its stack * by now because the cr3-switch above unmaps the real-mode stack. * * RDX contains the per-cpu offset */ movq pcpu_hot + X86_current_task(%rdx), %rax movq TASK_threadsp(%rax), %rsp /* * Now that this CPU is running on its own stack, drop the realmode * protection. For the boot CPU the pointer is NULL! */ movq trampoline_lock(%rip), %rax testq %rax, %rax jz .Lsetup_gdt movl $0, (%rax) .Lsetup_gdt: /* * We must switch to a new descriptor in kernel space for the GDT * because soon the kernel won't have access anymore to the userspace * addresses where we're currently running on. We have to do that here * because in 32bit we couldn't load a 64bit linear address. */ subq $16, %rsp movw $(GDT_SIZE-1), (%rsp) leaq gdt_page(%rdx), %rax movq %rax, 2(%rsp) lgdt (%rsp) addq $16, %rsp /* set up data segments */ xorl %eax,%eax movl %eax,%ds movl %eax,%ss movl %eax,%es /* * We don't really need to load %fs or %gs, but load them anyway * to kill any stale realmode selectors. This allows execution * under VT hardware. */ movl %eax,%fs movl %eax,%gs /* Set up %gs. * * The base of %gs always points to fixed_percpu_data. If the * stack protector canary is enabled, it is located at %gs:40. * Note that, on SMP, the boot cpu uses init data section until * the per cpu areas are set up. */ movl $MSR_GS_BASE,%ecx #ifndef CONFIG_SMP leaq INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(fixed_percpu_data)(%rip), %rdx #endif movl %edx, %eax shrq $32, %rdx wrmsr /* Setup and Load IDT */ call early_setup_idt /* Check if nx is implemented */ movl $0x80000001, %eax cpuid movl %edx,%edi /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */ movl $MSR_EFER, %ecx rdmsr /* * Preserve current value of EFER for comparison and to skip * EFER writes if no change was made (for TDX guest) */ movl %eax, %edx btsl $_EFER_SCE, %eax /* Enable System Call */ btl $20,%edi /* No Execute supported? */ jnc 1f btsl $_EFER_NX, %eax btsq $_PAGE_BIT_NX,early_pmd_flags(%rip) /* Avoid writing EFER if no change was made (for TDX guest) */ 1: cmpl %edx, %eax je 1f xor %edx, %edx wrmsr /* Make changes effective */ 1: /* Setup cr0 */ movl $CR0_STATE, %eax /* Make changes effective */ movq %rax, %cr0 /* zero EFLAGS after setting rsp */ pushq $0 popfq /* Pass the boot_params pointer as first argument */ movq %r15, %rdi .Ljump_to_C_code: /* * Jump to run C code and to be on a real kernel address. * Since we are running on identity-mapped space we have to jump * to the full 64bit address, this is only possible as indirect * jump. In addition we need to ensure %cs is set so we make this * a far return. * * Note: do not change to far jump indirect with 64bit offset. * * AMD does not support far jump indirect with 64bit offset. * AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual, Volume 3: states only * JMP FAR mem16:16 FF /5 Far jump indirect, * with the target specified by a far pointer in memory. * JMP FAR mem16:32 FF /5 Far jump indirect, * with the target specified by a far pointer in memory. * * Intel64 does support 64bit offset. * Software Developer Manual Vol 2: states: * FF /5 JMP m16:16 Jump far, absolute indirect, * address given in m16:16 * FF /5 JMP m16:32 Jump far, absolute indirect, * address given in m16:32. * REX.W + FF /5 JMP m16:64 Jump far, absolute indirect, * address given in m16:64. */ pushq $.Lafter_lret # put return address on stack for unwinder xorl %ebp, %ebp # clear frame pointer movq initial_code(%rip), %rax pushq $__KERNEL_CS # set correct cs pushq %rax # target address in negative space lretq .Lafter_lret: ANNOTATE_NOENDBR SYM_CODE_END(secondary_startup_64) #include "verify_cpu.S" #include "sev_verify_cbit.S" #if defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU) && defined(CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT) /* * Entry point for soft restart of a CPU. Invoked from xxx_play_dead() for * restarting the boot CPU or for restarting SEV guest CPUs after CPU hot * unplug. Everything is set up already except the stack. */ SYM_CODE_START(soft_restart_cpu) ANNOTATE_NOENDBR UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK /* Find the idle task stack */ movq PER_CPU_VAR(pcpu_hot) + X86_current_task, %rcx movq TASK_threadsp(%rcx), %rsp jmp .Ljump_to_C_code SYM_CODE_END(soft_restart_cpu) #endif #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT /* * VC Exception handler used during early boot when running on kernel * addresses, but before the switch to the idt_table can be made. * The early_idt_handler_array can't be used here because it calls into a lot * of __init code and this handler is also used during CPU offlining/onlining. * Therefore this handler ends up in the .text section so that it stays around * when .init.text is freed. */ SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(vc_boot_ghcb) UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=8 ENDBR /* Build pt_regs */ PUSH_AND_CLEAR_REGS /* Call C handler */ movq %rsp, %rdi movq ORIG_RAX(%rsp), %rsi movq initial_vc_handler(%rip), %rax ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE call *%rax /* Unwind pt_regs */ POP_REGS /* Remove Error Code */ addq $8, %rsp iretq SYM_CODE_END(vc_boot_ghcb) #endif /* Both SMP bootup and ACPI suspend change these variables */ __REFDATA .balign 8 SYM_DATA(initial_code, .quad x86_64_start_kernel) #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT SYM_DATA(initial_vc_handler, .quad handle_vc_boot_ghcb) #endif SYM_DATA(trampoline_lock, .quad 0); __FINITDATA __INIT SYM_CODE_START(early_idt_handler_array) i = 0 .rept NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS .if ((EXCEPTION_ERRCODE_MASK >> i) & 1) == 0 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS ENDBR pushq $0 # Dummy error code, to make stack frame uniform .else UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=8 ENDBR .endif pushq $i # 72(%rsp) Vector number jmp early_idt_handler_common UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS i = i + 1 .fill early_idt_handler_array + i*EARLY_IDT_HANDLER_SIZE - ., 1, 0xcc .endr SYM_CODE_END(early_idt_handler_array) ANNOTATE_NOENDBR // early_idt_handler_array[NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS] SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(early_idt_handler_common) UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=16 /* * The stack is the hardware frame, an error code or zero, and the * vector number. */ cld incl early_recursion_flag(%rip) /* The vector number is currently in the pt_regs->di slot. */ pushq %rsi /* pt_regs->si */ movq 8(%rsp), %rsi /* RSI = vector number */ movq %rdi, 8(%rsp) /* pt_regs->di = RDI */ pushq %rdx /* pt_regs->dx */ pushq %rcx /* pt_regs->cx */ pushq %rax /* pt_regs->ax */ pushq %r8 /* pt_regs->r8 */ pushq %r9 /* pt_regs->r9 */ pushq %r10 /* pt_regs->r10 */ pushq %r11 /* pt_regs->r11 */ pushq %rbx /* pt_regs->bx */ pushq %rbp /* pt_regs->bp */ pushq %r12 /* pt_regs->r12 */ pushq %r13 /* pt_regs->r13 */ pushq %r14 /* pt_regs->r14 */ pushq %r15 /* pt_regs->r15 */ UNWIND_HINT_REGS movq %rsp,%rdi /* RDI = pt_regs; RSI is already trapnr */ call do_early_exception decl early_recursion_flag(%rip) jmp restore_regs_and_return_to_kernel SYM_CODE_END(early_idt_handler_common) #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT /* * VC Exception handler used during very early boot. The * early_idt_handler_array can't be used because it returns via the * paravirtualized INTERRUPT_RETURN and pv-ops don't work that early. * * XXX it does, fix this. * * This handler will end up in the .init.text section and not be * available to boot secondary CPUs. */ SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(vc_no_ghcb) UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=8 ENDBR /* Build pt_regs */ PUSH_AND_CLEAR_REGS /* Call C handler */ movq %rsp, %rdi movq ORIG_RAX(%rsp), %rsi call do_vc_no_ghcb /* Unwind pt_regs */ POP_REGS /* Remove Error Code */ addq $8, %rsp /* Pure iret required here - don't use INTERRUPT_RETURN */ iretq SYM_CODE_END(vc_no_ghcb) #endif #define SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(name) \ SYM_START(name, SYM_L_GLOBAL, .balign PAGE_SIZE) #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION /* * Each PGD needs to be 8k long and 8k aligned. We do not * ever go out to userspace with these, so we do not * strictly *need* the second page, but this allows us to * have a single set_pgd() implementation that does not * need to worry about whether it has 4k or 8k to work * with. * * This ensures PGDs are 8k long: */ #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 512 /* This ensures they are 8k-aligned: */ #define SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(name) \ SYM_START(name, SYM_L_GLOBAL, .balign 2 * PAGE_SIZE) #else #define SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(name) \ SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(name) #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 0 #endif /* Automate the creation of 1 to 1 mapping pmd entries */ #define PMDS(START, PERM, COUNT) \ i = 0 ; \ .rept (COUNT) ; \ .quad (START) + (i << PMD_SHIFT) + (PERM) ; \ i = i + 1 ; \ .endr __INITDATA .balign 4 SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(early_top_pgt) .fill 512,8,0 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0 SYM_DATA_END(early_top_pgt) SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(early_dynamic_pgts) .fill 512*EARLY_DYNAMIC_PAGE_TABLES,8,0 SYM_DATA_END(early_dynamic_pgts) SYM_DATA(early_recursion_flag, .long 0) .data #if defined(CONFIG_XEN_PV) || defined(CONFIG_PVH) SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(init_top_pgt) .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC .org init_top_pgt + L4_PAGE_OFFSET*8, 0 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC .org init_top_pgt + L4_START_KERNEL*8, 0 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024))/(2^39) = 511 */ .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0 SYM_DATA_END(init_top_pgt) SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level3_ident_pgt) .quad level2_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC .fill 511, 8, 0 SYM_DATA_END(level3_ident_pgt) SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level2_ident_pgt) /* * Since I easily can, map the first 1G. * Don't set NX because code runs from these pages. * * Note: This sets _PAGE_GLOBAL despite whether * the CPU supports it or it is enabled. But, * the CPU should ignore the bit. */ PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC, PTRS_PER_PMD) SYM_DATA_END(level2_ident_pgt) #else SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(init_top_pgt) .fill 512,8,0 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0 SYM_DATA_END(init_top_pgt) #endif #ifdef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level4_kernel_pgt) .fill 511,8,0 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC SYM_DATA_END(level4_kernel_pgt) #endif SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level3_kernel_pgt) .fill L3_START_KERNEL,8,0 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024)-((2^39)*511))/(2^30) = 510 */ .quad level2_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC .quad level2_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC SYM_DATA_END(level3_kernel_pgt) SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level2_kernel_pgt) /* * Kernel high mapping. * * The kernel code+data+bss must be located below KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE in * virtual address space, which is 1 GiB if RANDOMIZE_BASE is enabled, * 512 MiB otherwise. * * (NOTE: after that starts the module area, see MODULES_VADDR.) * * This table is eventually used by the kernel during normal runtime. * Care must be taken to clear out undesired bits later, like _PAGE_RW * or _PAGE_GLOBAL in some cases. */ PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC, KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE/PMD_SIZE) SYM_DATA_END(level2_kernel_pgt) SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level2_fixmap_pgt) .fill (512 - 4 - FIXMAP_PMD_NUM),8,0 pgtno = 0 .rept (FIXMAP_PMD_NUM) .quad level1_fixmap_pgt + (pgtno << PAGE_SHIFT) - __START_KERNEL_map \ + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC; pgtno = pgtno + 1 .endr /* 6 MB reserved space + a 2MB hole */ .fill 4,8,0 SYM_DATA_END(level2_fixmap_pgt) SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level1_fixmap_pgt) .rept (FIXMAP_PMD_NUM) .fill 512,8,0 .endr SYM_DATA_END(level1_fixmap_pgt) #undef PMDS .data .align 16 SYM_DATA(smpboot_control, .long 0) .align 16 /* This must match the first entry in level2_kernel_pgt */ SYM_DATA(phys_base, .quad 0x0) EXPORT_SYMBOL(phys_base) #include "../../x86/xen/xen-head.S" __PAGE_ALIGNED_BSS SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(empty_zero_page) .skip PAGE_SIZE SYM_DATA_END(empty_zero_page) EXPORT_SYMBOL