.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
=================
Boot-time tracing
=================
:Author: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Overview
========
Boot-time tracing allows users to trace boot-time process including
device initialization with full features of ftrace including per-event
filter and actions, histograms, kprobe-events and synthetic-events,
and trace instances.
Since kernel command line is not enough to control these complex features,
this uses bootconfig file to describe tracing feature programming.
Options in the Boot Config
==========================
Here is the list of available options list for boot time tracing in
boot config file [1]_. All options are under "ftrace." or "kernel."
prefix. See kernel parameters for the options which starts
with "kernel." prefix [2]_.
.. [1] See :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst <bootconfig>`
.. [2] See :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst <kernelparameters>`
Ftrace Global Options
---------------------
Ftrace global options have "kernel." prefix in boot config, which means
these options are passed as a part of kernel legacy command line.
kernel.tp_printk
Output trace-event data on printk buffer too.
kernel.dump_on_oops [= MODE]
Dump ftrace on Oops. If MODE = 1 or omitted, dump trace buffer
on all CPUs. If MODE = 2, dump a buffer on a CPU which kicks Oops.
kernel.traceoff_on_warning
Stop tracing if WARN_ON() occurs.
kernel.fgraph_max_depth = MAX_DEPTH
Set MAX_DEPTH to maximum depth of fgraph tracer.
kernel.fgraph_filters = FILTER[, FILTER2...]
Add fgraph tracing function filters.
kernel.fgraph_notraces = FILTER[, FILTER2...]
Add fgraph non-tracing function filters.
Ftrace Per-instance Options
---------------------------
These options can be used for each instance including global ftrace node.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]options = OPT1[, OPT2[...]]
Enable given ftrace options.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]tracing_on = 0|1
Enable/Disable tracing on this instance when starting boot-time tracing.
(you can enable it by the "traceon" event trigger action)
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]trace_clock = CLOCK
Set given CLOCK to ftrace's trace_clock.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]buffer_size = SIZE
Configure ftrace buffer size to SIZE. You can use "KB" or "MB"
for that SIZE.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]alloc_snapshot
Allocate snapshot buffer.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]cpumask = CPUMASK
Set CPUMASK as trace cpu-mask.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]events = EVENT[, EVENT2[...]]
Enable given events on boot. You can use a wild card in EVENT.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]tracer = TRACER
Set TRACER to current tracer on boot. (e.g. function)
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]ftrace.filters
This will take an array of tracing function filter rules.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]ftrace.notraces
This will take an array of NON-tracing function filter rules.
Ftrace Per-Event Options
------------------------
These options are setting per-event options.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.enable
Enable GROUP:EVENT tracing.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.enable
Enable all event tracing within GROUP.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.enable
Enable all event tracing.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.filter = FILTER
Set FILTER rule to the GROUP:EVENT.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.actions = ACTION[, ACTION2[...]]
Set ACTIONs to the GROUP:EVENT.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.kprobes.EVENT.probes = PROBE[, PROBE2[...]]
Defines new kprobe event based on PROBEs. It is able to define
multiple probes on one event, but those must have same type of
arguments. This option is available only for the event which
group name is "kprobes".
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.synthetic.EVENT.fields = FIELD[, FIELD2[...]]
Defines new synthetic event with FIELDs. Each field should be
"type varname".
Note that kprobe and synthetic event definitions can be written under
instance node, but those are also visible from other instances. So please
take care for event name conflict.
Ftrace Histogram Options
------------------------
Since it is too long to write a histogram action as a string for per-event
action option, there are tree-style options under per-event 'hist' subkey
for the histogram actions. For the detail of the each parameter,
please read the event histogram document (Documentation/trace/histogram.rst)
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]keys = KEY1[, KEY2[...]]
Set histogram key parameters. (Mandatory)
The 'N' is a digit string for the multiple histogram. You can omit it
if there is one histogram on the event.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]values = VAL1[, VAL2[...]]
Set histogram value parameters.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]sort = SORT1[, SORT2[...]]
Set histogram sort parameter options.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]size = NR_ENTRIES
Set histogram size (number of entries).
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]name = NAME
Set histogram name.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]var.VARIABLE = EXPR
Define a new VARIABLE by EXPR expression.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]<pause|continue|clear>
Set histogram control parameter. You can set one of them.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]onmatch.[M.]event = GROUP.EVENT
Set histogram 'onmatch' handler matching event parameter.
The 'M' is a digit string for the multiple 'onmatch' handler. You can omit it
if there is one 'onmatch' handler on this histogram.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]onmatch.[M.]trace = EVENT[, ARG1[...]]
Set histogram 'trace' action for 'onmatch'.
EVENT must be a synthetic event name, and ARG1... are parameters
for that event. Mandatory if 'onmatch.event' option is set.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]onmax.[M.]var = VAR
Set histogram 'onmax' handler variable parameter.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]onchange.[M.]var = VAR
Set histogram 'onchange' handler variable parameter.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]<onmax|onchange>.[M.]save = ARG1[, ARG2[...]]
Set histogram 'save' action parameters for 'onmax' or 'onchange' handler.
This option or below 'snapshot' option is mandatory if 'onmax.var' or
'onchange.var' option is set.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.[N.]<onmax|onchange>.[M.]snapshot
Set histogram 'snapshot' action for 'onmax' or 'onchange' handler.
This option or above 'save' option is mandatory if 'onmax.var' or
'onchange.var' option is set.
ftrace.[instance.INSTANCE.]event.GROUP.EVENT.hist.filter = FILTER_EXPR
Set histogram filter expression. You don't need 'if' in the FILTER_EXPR.
Note that this 'hist' option can conflict with the per-event 'actions'
option if the 'actions' option has a histogram action.
When to Start
=============
All boot-time tracing options starting with ``ftrace`` will be enabled at the
end of core_initcall. This means you can trace the events from postcore_initcall.
Most of the subsystems and architecture dependent drivers will be initialized
after that (arch_initcall or subsys_initcall). Thus, you can trace those with
boot-time tracing.
If you want to trace events before core_initcall, you can use the options
starting with ``kernel``. Some of them will be enabled eariler than the initcall
processing (for example,. ``kernel.ftrace=function`` and ``kernel.trace_event``
will start before the initcall.)
Examples
========
For example, to add filter and actions for each event, define kprobe
events, and synthetic events with histogram, write a boot config like
below::
ftrace.event {
task.task_newtask {
filter = "pid < 128"
enable
}
kprobes.vfs_read {
probes = "vfs_read $arg1 $arg2"
filter = "common_pid < 200"
enable
}
synthetic.initcall_latency {
fields = "unsigned long func", "u64 lat"
hist {
keys = func.sym, lat
values = lat
sort = lat
}
}
initcall.initcall_start.hist {
keys = func
var.ts0 = common_timestamp.usecs
}
initcall.initcall_finish.hist {
keys = func
var.lat = common_timestamp.usecs - $ts0
onmatch {
event = initcall.initcall_start
trace = initcall_latency, func, $lat
}
}
}
Also, boot-time tracing supports "instance" node, which allows us to run
several tracers for different purpose at once. For example, one tracer
is for tracing functions starting with "user\_", and others tracing
"kernel\_" functions, you can write boot config as below::
ftrace.instance {
foo {
tracer = "function"
ftrace.filters = "user_*"
}
bar {
tracer = "function"
ftrace.filters = "kernel_*"
}
}
The instance node also accepts event nodes so that each instance
can customize its event tracing.
With the trigger action and kprobes, you can trace function-graph while
a function is called. For example, this will trace all function calls in
the pci_proc_init()::
ftrace {
tracing_on = 0
tracer = function_graph
event.kprobes {
start_event {
probes = "pci_proc_init"
actions = "traceon"
}
end_event {
probes = "pci_proc_init%return"
actions = "traceoff"
}
}
}
This boot-time tracing also supports ftrace kernel parameters via boot
config.
For example, following kernel parameters::
trace_options=sym-addr trace_event=initcall:* tp_printk trace_buf_size=1M ftrace=function ftrace_filter="vfs*"
This can be written in boot config like below::
kernel {
trace_options = sym-addr
trace_event = "initcall:*"
tp_printk
trace_buf_size = 1M
ftrace = function
ftrace_filter = "vfs*"
}
Note that parameters start with "kernel" prefix instead of "ftrace".