// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only /* * Copyright 2016, Rashmica Gupta, IBM Corp. * * This traverses the kernel pagetables and dumps the * information about the used sections of memory to * /sys/kernel/debug/kernel_pagetables. * * Derived from the arm64 implementation: * Copyright (c) 2014, The Linux Foundation, Laura Abbott. * (C) Copyright 2008 Intel Corporation, Arjan van de Ven. */ #include <linux/debugfs.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/hugetlb.h> #include <linux/io.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/highmem.h> #include <linux/ptdump.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/seq_file.h> #include <asm/fixmap.h> #include <linux/const.h> #include <linux/kasan.h> #include <asm/page.h> #include <asm/hugetlb.h> #include <mm/mmu_decl.h> #include "ptdump.h" /* * To visualise what is happening, * * - PTRS_PER_P** = how many entries there are in the corresponding P** * - P**_SHIFT = how many bits of the address we use to index into the * corresponding P** * - P**_SIZE is how much memory we can access through the table - not the * size of the table itself. * P**={PGD, PUD, PMD, PTE} * * * Each entry of the PGD points to a PUD. Each entry of a PUD points to a * PMD. Each entry of a PMD points to a PTE. And every PTE entry points to * a page. * * In the case where there are only 3 levels, the PUD is folded into the * PGD: every PUD has only one entry which points to the PMD. * * The page dumper groups page table entries of the same type into a single * description. It uses pg_state to track the range information while * iterating over the PTE entries. When the continuity is broken it then * dumps out a description of the range - ie PTEs that are virtually contiguous * with the same PTE flags are chunked together. This is to make it clear how * different areas of the kernel virtual memory are used. * */ struct pg_state { struct ptdump_state ptdump; struct seq_file *seq; const struct addr_marker *marker; unsigned long start_address; unsigned long start_pa; int level; u64 current_flags; bool check_wx; unsigned long wx_pages; }; struct addr_marker { unsigned long start_address; const char *name; }; static struct addr_marker address_markers[] = { { 0, "Start of kernel VM" }, #ifdef MODULES_VADDR { 0, "modules start" }, { 0, "modules end" }, #endif { 0, "vmalloc() Area" }, { 0, "vmalloc() End" }, #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 { 0, "isa I/O start" }, { 0, "isa I/O end" }, { 0, "phb I/O start" }, { 0, "phb I/O end" }, { 0, "I/O remap start" }, { 0, "I/O remap end" }, { 0, "vmemmap start" }, #else { 0, "Early I/O remap start" }, { 0, "Early I/O remap end" }, #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM { 0, "Highmem PTEs start" }, { 0, "Highmem PTEs end" }, #endif { 0, "Fixmap start" }, { 0, "Fixmap end" }, #endif #ifdef CONFIG_KASAN { 0, "kasan shadow mem start" }, { 0, "kasan shadow mem end" }, #endif { -1, NULL }, }; static struct ptdump_range ptdump_range[] __ro_after_init = { {TASK_SIZE_MAX, ~0UL}, {0, 0} }; #define pt_dump_seq_printf(m, fmt, args...) \ ({ \ if (m) \ seq_printf(m, fmt, ##args); \ }) #define pt_dump_seq_putc(m, c) \ ({ \ if (m) \ seq_putc(m, c); \ }) void pt_dump_size(struct seq_file *m, unsigned long size) { static const char units[] = " KMGTPE"; const char *unit = units; /* Work out what appropriate unit to use */ while (!(size & 1023) && unit[1]) { size >>= 10; unit++; } pt_dump_seq_printf(m, "%9lu%c ", size, *unit); } static void dump_flag_info(struct pg_state *st, const struct flag_info *flag, u64 pte, int num) { unsigned int i; for (i = 0; i < num; i++, flag++) { const char *s = NULL; u64 val; /* flag not defined so don't check it */ if (flag->mask == 0) continue; /* Some 'flags' are actually values */ if (flag->is_val) { val = pte & flag->val; if (flag->shift) val = val >> flag->shift; pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, " %s:%llx", flag->set, val); } else { if ((pte & flag->mask) == flag->val) s = flag->set; else s = flag->clear; if (s) pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, " %s", s); } st->current_flags &= ~flag->mask; } if (st->current_flags != 0) pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, " unknown flags:%llx", st->current_flags); } static void dump_addr(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr) { #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 #define REG "0x%016lx" #else #define REG "0x%08lx" #endif pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, REG "-" REG " ", st->start_address, addr - 1); pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, " " REG " ", st->start_pa); pt_dump_size(st->seq, addr - st->start_address); } static void note_prot_wx(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr) { pte_t pte = __pte(st->current_flags); if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_WX) || !st->check_wx) return; if (!pte_write(pte) || !pte_exec(pte)) return; WARN_ONCE(1, "powerpc/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address %p/%pS\n", (void *)st->start_address, (void *)st->start_address); st->wx_pages += (addr - st->start_address) / PAGE_SIZE; } static void note_page_update_state(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr, int level, u64 val) { u64 flag = level >= 0 ? val & pg_level[level].mask : 0; u64 pa = val & PTE_RPN_MASK; st->level = level; st->current_flags = flag; st->start_address = addr; st->start_pa = pa; while (addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) { st->marker++; pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name); } } static void note_page(struct ptdump_state *pt_st, unsigned long addr, int level, u64 val) { u64 flag = level >= 0 ? val & pg_level[level].mask : 0; struct pg_state *st = container_of(pt_st, struct pg_state, ptdump); /* At first no level is set */ if (st->level == -1) { pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name); note_page_update_state(st, addr, level, val); /* * Dump the section of virtual memory when: * - the PTE flags from one entry to the next differs. * - we change levels in the tree. * - the address is in a different section of memory and is thus * used for a different purpose, regardless of the flags. */ } else if (flag != st->current_flags || level != st->level || addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) { /* Check the PTE flags */ if (st->current_flags) { note_prot_wx(st, addr); dump_addr(st, addr); /* Dump all the flags */ if (pg_level[st->level].flag) dump_flag_info(st, pg_level[st->level].flag, st->current_flags, pg_level[st->level].num); pt_dump_seq_putc(st->seq, '\n'); } /* * Address indicates we have passed the end of the * current section of virtual memory */ note_page_update_state(st, addr, level, val); } } static void populate_markers(void) { int i = 0; #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 address_markers[i++].start_address = PAGE_OFFSET; #else address_markers[i++].start_address = TASK_SIZE; #endif #ifdef MODULES_VADDR address_markers[i++].start_address = MODULES_VADDR; address_markers[i++].start_address = MODULES_END; #endif address_markers[i++].start_address = VMALLOC_START; address_markers[i++].start_address = VMALLOC_END; #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 address_markers[i++].start_address = ISA_IO_BASE; address_markers[i++].start_address = ISA_IO_END; address_markers[i++].start_address = PHB_IO_BASE; address_markers[i++].start_address = PHB_IO_END; address_markers[i++].start_address = IOREMAP_BASE; address_markers[i++].start_address = IOREMAP_END; /* What is the ifdef about? */ #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64 address_markers[i++].start_address = H_VMEMMAP_START; #else address_markers[i++].start_address = VMEMMAP_BASE; #endif #else /* !CONFIG_PPC64 */ address_markers[i++].start_address = ioremap_bot; address_markers[i++].start_address = IOREMAP_TOP; #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM address_markers[i++].start_address = PKMAP_BASE; address_markers[i++].start_address = PKMAP_ADDR(LAST_PKMAP); #endif address_markers[i++].start_address = FIXADDR_START; address_markers[i++].start_address = FIXADDR_TOP; #endif /* CONFIG_PPC64 */ #ifdef CONFIG_KASAN address_markers[i++].start_address = KASAN_SHADOW_START; address_markers[i++].start_address = KASAN_SHADOW_END; #endif } static int ptdump_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) { struct pg_state st = { .seq = m, .marker = address_markers, .level = -1, .ptdump = { .note_page = note_page, .range = ptdump_range, } }; /* Traverse kernel page tables */ ptdump_walk_pgd(&st.ptdump, &init_mm, NULL); return 0; } DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE(ptdump); static void __init build_pgtable_complete_mask(void) { unsigned int i, j; for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pg_level); i++) if (pg_level[i].flag) for (j = 0; j < pg_level[i].num; j++) pg_level[i].mask |= pg_level[i].flag[j].mask; } #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_WX void ptdump_check_wx(void) { struct pg_state st = { .seq = NULL, .marker = (struct addr_marker[]) { { 0, NULL}, { -1, NULL}, }, .level = -1, .check_wx = true, .ptdump = { .note_page = note_page, .range = ptdump_range, } }; ptdump_walk_pgd(&st.ptdump, &init_mm, NULL); if (st.wx_pages) pr_warn("Checked W+X mappings: FAILED, %lu W+X pages found\n", st.wx_pages); else pr_info("Checked W+X mappings: passed, no W+X pages found\n"); } #endif static int __init ptdump_init(void) { #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 if (!radix_enabled()) ptdump_range[0].start = KERN_VIRT_START; else ptdump_range[0].start = PAGE_OFFSET; ptdump_range[0].end = PAGE_OFFSET + (PGDIR_SIZE * PTRS_PER_PGD); #endif populate_markers(); build_pgtable_complete_mask(); if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PTDUMP_DEBUGFS)) debugfs_create_file("kernel_page_tables", 0400, NULL, NULL, &ptdump_fops); return 0; } device_initcall(ptdump_init);