.. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
================
bpftool-map
================
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tool for inspection and simple manipulation of eBPF maps
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Manual section: 8
.. include:: substitutions.rst
SYNOPSIS
========
**bpftool** [*OPTIONS*] **map** *COMMAND*
*OPTIONS* := { |COMMON_OPTIONS| | { **-f** | **--bpffs** } | { **-n** | **--nomount** } }
*COMMANDS* :=
{ **show** | **list** | **create** | **dump** | **update** | **lookup** | **getnext** |
**delete** | **pin** | **help** }
MAP COMMANDS
=============
| **bpftool** **map** { **show** | **list** } [*MAP*]
| **bpftool** **map create** *FILE* **type** *TYPE* **key** *KEY_SIZE* **value** *VALUE_SIZE* \
| **entries** *MAX_ENTRIES* **name** *NAME* [**flags** *FLAGS*] [**inner_map** *MAP*] \
| [**offload_dev** *NAME*]
| **bpftool** **map dump** *MAP*
| **bpftool** **map update** *MAP* [**key** *DATA*] [**value** *VALUE*] [*UPDATE_FLAGS*]
| **bpftool** **map lookup** *MAP* [**key** *DATA*]
| **bpftool** **map getnext** *MAP* [**key** *DATA*]
| **bpftool** **map delete** *MAP* **key** *DATA*
| **bpftool** **map pin** *MAP* *FILE*
| **bpftool** **map event_pipe** *MAP* [**cpu** *N* **index** *M*]
| **bpftool** **map peek** *MAP*
| **bpftool** **map push** *MAP* **value** *VALUE*
| **bpftool** **map pop** *MAP*
| **bpftool** **map enqueue** *MAP* **value** *VALUE*
| **bpftool** **map dequeue** *MAP*
| **bpftool** **map freeze** *MAP*
| **bpftool** **map help**
|
| *MAP* := { **id** *MAP_ID* | **pinned** *FILE* | **name** *MAP_NAME* }
| *DATA* := { [**hex**] *BYTES* }
| *PROG* := { **id** *PROG_ID* | **pinned** *FILE* | **tag** *PROG_TAG* | **name** *PROG_NAME* }
| *VALUE* := { *DATA* | *MAP* | *PROG* }
| *UPDATE_FLAGS* := { **any** | **exist** | **noexist** }
| *TYPE* := { **hash** | **array** | **prog_array** | **perf_event_array** | **percpu_hash**
| | **percpu_array** | **stack_trace** | **cgroup_array** | **lru_hash**
| | **lru_percpu_hash** | **lpm_trie** | **array_of_maps** | **hash_of_maps**
| | **devmap** | **devmap_hash** | **sockmap** | **cpumap** | **xskmap** | **sockhash**
| | **cgroup_storage** | **reuseport_sockarray** | **percpu_cgroup_storage**
| | **queue** | **stack** | **sk_storage** | **struct_ops** | **ringbuf** | **inode_storage**
| | **task_storage** | **bloom_filter** | **user_ringbuf** | **cgrp_storage** }
DESCRIPTION
===========
**bpftool map { show | list }** [*MAP*]
Show information about loaded maps. If *MAP* is specified
show information only about given maps, otherwise list all
maps currently loaded on the system. In case of **name**,
*MAP* may match several maps which will all be shown.
Output will start with map ID followed by map type and
zero or more named attributes (depending on kernel version).
Since Linux 5.8 bpftool is able to discover information about
processes that hold open file descriptors (FDs) against BPF
maps. On such kernels bpftool will automatically emit this
information as well.
**bpftool map create** *FILE* **type** *TYPE* **key** *KEY_SIZE* **value** *VALUE_SIZE* **entries** *MAX_ENTRIES* **name** *NAME* [**flags** *FLAGS*] [**inner_map** *MAP*] [**offload_dev** *NAME*]
Create a new map with given parameters and pin it to *bpffs*
as *FILE*.
*FLAGS* should be an integer which is the combination of
desired flags, e.g. 1024 for **BPF_F_MMAPABLE** (see bpf.h
UAPI header for existing flags).
To create maps of type array-of-maps or hash-of-maps, the
**inner_map** keyword must be used to pass an inner map. The
kernel needs it to collect metadata related to the inner maps
that the new map will work with.
Keyword **offload_dev** expects a network interface name,
and is used to request hardware offload for the map.
**bpftool map dump** *MAP*
Dump all entries in a given *MAP*. In case of **name**,
*MAP* may match several maps which will all be dumped.
**bpftool map update** *MAP* [**key** *DATA*] [**value** *VALUE*] [*UPDATE_FLAGS*]
Update map entry for a given *KEY*.
*UPDATE_FLAGS* can be one of: **any** update existing entry
or add if doesn't exit; **exist** update only if entry already
exists; **noexist** update only if entry doesn't exist.
If the **hex** keyword is provided in front of the bytes
sequence, the bytes are parsed as hexadecimal values, even if
no "0x" prefix is added. If the keyword is not provided, then
the bytes are parsed as decimal values, unless a "0x" prefix
(for hexadecimal) or a "0" prefix (for octal) is provided.
**bpftool map lookup** *MAP* [**key** *DATA*]
Lookup **key** in the map.
**bpftool map getnext** *MAP* [**key** *DATA*]
Get next key. If *key* is not specified, get first key.
**bpftool map delete** *MAP* **key** *DATA*
Remove entry from the map.
**bpftool map pin** *MAP* *FILE*
Pin map *MAP* as *FILE*.
Note: *FILE* must be located in *bpffs* mount. It must not
contain a dot character ('.'), which is reserved for future
extensions of *bpffs*.
**bpftool** **map event_pipe** *MAP* [**cpu** *N* **index** *M*]
Read events from a **BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY** map.
Install perf rings into a perf event array map and dump
output of any **bpf_perf_event_output**\ () call in the kernel.
By default read the number of CPUs on the system and
install perf ring for each CPU in the corresponding index
in the array.
If **cpu** and **index** are specified, install perf ring
for given **cpu** at **index** in the array (single ring).
Note that installing a perf ring into an array will silently
replace any existing ring. Any other application will stop
receiving events if it installed its rings earlier.
**bpftool map peek** *MAP*
Peek next value in the queue or stack.
**bpftool map push** *MAP* **value** *VALUE*
Push *VALUE* onto the stack.
**bpftool map pop** *MAP*
Pop and print value from the stack.
**bpftool map enqueue** *MAP* **value** *VALUE*
Enqueue *VALUE* into the queue.
**bpftool map dequeue** *MAP*
Dequeue and print value from the queue.
**bpftool map freeze** *MAP*
Freeze the map as read-only from user space. Entries from a
frozen map can not longer be updated or deleted with the
**bpf**\ () system call. This operation is not reversible,
and the map remains immutable from user space until its
destruction. However, read and write permissions for BPF
programs to the map remain unchanged.
**bpftool map help**
Print short help message.
OPTIONS
=======
.. include:: common_options.rst
-f, --bpffs
Show file names of pinned maps.
-n, --nomount
Do not automatically attempt to mount any virtual file system
(such as tracefs or BPF virtual file system) when necessary.
EXAMPLES
========
**# bpftool map show**
::
10: hash name some_map flags 0x0
key 4B value 8B max_entries 2048 memlock 167936B
pids systemd(1)
The following three commands are equivalent:
|
| **# bpftool map update id 10 key hex 20 c4 b7 00 value hex 0f ff ff ab 01 02 03 4c**
| **# bpftool map update id 10 key 0x20 0xc4 0xb7 0x00 value 0x0f 0xff 0xff 0xab 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x4c**
| **# bpftool map update id 10 key 32 196 183 0 value 15 255 255 171 1 2 3 76**
**# bpftool map lookup id 10 key 0 1 2 3**
::
key: 00 01 02 03 value: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
**# bpftool map dump id 10**
::
key: 00 01 02 03 value: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
key: 0d 00 07 00 value: 02 00 00 00 01 02 03 04
Found 2 elements
**# bpftool map getnext id 10 key 0 1 2 3**
::
key:
00 01 02 03
next key:
0d 00 07 00
|
| **# mount -t bpf none /sys/fs/bpf/**
| **# bpftool map pin id 10 /sys/fs/bpf/map**
| **# bpftool map del pinned /sys/fs/bpf/map key 13 00 07 00**
Note that map update can also be used in order to change the program references
hold by a program array map. This can be used, for example, to change the
programs used for tail-call jumps at runtime, without having to reload the
entry-point program. Below is an example for this use case: we load a program
defining a prog array map, and with a main function that contains a tail call
to other programs that can be used either to "process" packets or to "debug"
processing. Note that the prog array map MUST be pinned into the BPF virtual
file system for the map update to work successfully, as kernel flushes prog
array maps when they have no more references from user space (and the update
would be lost as soon as bpftool exits).
|
| **# bpftool prog loadall tail_calls.o /sys/fs/bpf/foo type xdp**
| **# bpftool prog --bpffs**
::
545: xdp name main_func tag 674b4b5597193dc3 gpl
loaded_at 2018-12-12T15:02:58+0000 uid 0
xlated 240B jited 257B memlock 4096B map_ids 294
pinned /sys/fs/bpf/foo/xdp
546: xdp name bpf_func_process tag e369a529024751fc gpl
loaded_at 2018-12-12T15:02:58+0000 uid 0
xlated 200B jited 164B memlock 4096B
pinned /sys/fs/bpf/foo/process
547: xdp name bpf_func_debug tag 0b597868bc7f0976 gpl
loaded_at 2018-12-12T15:02:58+0000 uid 0
xlated 200B jited 164B memlock 4096B
pinned /sys/fs/bpf/foo/debug
**# bpftool map**
::
294: prog_array name jmp_table flags 0x0
key 4B value 4B max_entries 1 memlock 4096B
owner_prog_type xdp owner jited
|
| **# bpftool map pin id 294 /sys/fs/bpf/bar**
| **# bpftool map dump pinned /sys/fs/bpf/bar**
::
Found 0 elements
|
| **# bpftool map update pinned /sys/fs/bpf/bar key 0 0 0 0 value pinned /sys/fs/bpf/foo/debug**
| **# bpftool map dump pinned /sys/fs/bpf/bar**
::
key: 00 00 00 00 value: 22 02 00 00
Found 1 element