// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only /* * Copyright (C) 2014 ARM Limited */ #include <linux/cpu.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/list.h> #include <linux/perf_event.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/sysctl.h> #include <linux/uaccess.h> #include <asm/cpufeature.h> #include <asm/insn.h> #include <asm/sysreg.h> #include <asm/system_misc.h> #include <asm/traps.h> #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS #include "trace-events-emulation.h" /* * The runtime support for deprecated instruction support can be in one of * following three states - * * 0 = undef * 1 = emulate (software emulation) * 2 = hw (supported in hardware) */ enum insn_emulation_mode { INSN_UNDEF, INSN_EMULATE, INSN_HW, }; enum legacy_insn_status { INSN_DEPRECATED, INSN_OBSOLETE, INSN_UNAVAILABLE, }; struct insn_emulation { const char *name; enum legacy_insn_status status; bool (*try_emulate)(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 insn); int (*set_hw_mode)(bool enable); int current_mode; int min; int max; /* * sysctl for this emulation + a sentinal entry. */ struct ctl_table sysctl[2]; }; #define ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_FAIL 0 #define ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_PASS 1 #define ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_UNCOND 2 #define ARM_OPCODE_CONDITION_UNCOND 0xf static unsigned int __maybe_unused aarch32_check_condition(u32 opcode, u32 psr) { u32 cc_bits = opcode >> 28; if (cc_bits != ARM_OPCODE_CONDITION_UNCOND) { if ((*aarch32_opcode_cond_checks[cc_bits])(psr)) return ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_PASS; else return ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_FAIL; } return ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_UNCOND; } #ifdef CONFIG_SWP_EMULATION /* * Implement emulation of the SWP/SWPB instructions using load-exclusive and * store-exclusive. * * Syntax of SWP{B} instruction: SWP{B}<c> <Rt>, <Rt2>, [<Rn>] * Where: Rt = destination * Rt2 = source * Rn = address */ /* * Error-checking SWP macros implemented using ldxr{b}/stxr{b} */ /* Arbitrary constant to ensure forward-progress of the LL/SC loop */ #define __SWP_LL_SC_LOOPS 4 #define __user_swpX_asm(data, addr, res, temp, temp2, B) \ do { \ uaccess_enable_privileged(); \ __asm__ __volatile__( \ " mov %w3, %w6\n" \ "0: ldxr"B" %w2, [%4]\n" \ "1: stxr"B" %w0, %w1, [%4]\n" \ " cbz %w0, 2f\n" \ " sub %w3, %w3, #1\n" \ " cbnz %w3, 0b\n" \ " mov %w0, %w5\n" \ " b 3f\n" \ "2:\n" \ " mov %w1, %w2\n" \ "3:\n" \ _ASM_EXTABLE_UACCESS_ERR(0b, 3b, %w0) \ _ASM_EXTABLE_UACCESS_ERR(1b, 3b, %w0) \ : "=&r" (res), "+r" (data), "=&r" (temp), "=&r" (temp2) \ : "r" ((unsigned long)addr), "i" (-EAGAIN), \ "i" (__SWP_LL_SC_LOOPS) \ : "memory"); \ uaccess_disable_privileged(); \ } while (0) #define __user_swp_asm(data, addr, res, temp, temp2) \ __user_swpX_asm(data, addr, res, temp, temp2, "") #define __user_swpb_asm(data, addr, res, temp, temp2) \ __user_swpX_asm(data, addr, res, temp, temp2, "b") /* * Bit 22 of the instruction encoding distinguishes between * the SWP and SWPB variants (bit set means SWPB). */ #define TYPE_SWPB (1 << 22) static int emulate_swpX(unsigned int address, unsigned int *data, unsigned int type) { unsigned int res = 0; if ((type != TYPE_SWPB) && (address & 0x3)) { /* SWP to unaligned address not permitted */ pr_debug("SWP instruction on unaligned pointer!\n"); return -EFAULT; } while (1) { unsigned long temp, temp2; if (type == TYPE_SWPB) __user_swpb_asm(*data, address, res, temp, temp2); else __user_swp_asm(*data, address, res, temp, temp2); if (likely(res != -EAGAIN) || signal_pending(current)) break; cond_resched(); } return res; } /* * swp_handler logs the id of calling process, dissects the instruction, sanity * checks the memory location, calls emulate_swpX for the actual operation and * deals with fixup/error handling before returning */ static int swp_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 instr) { u32 destreg, data, type, address = 0; const void __user *user_ptr; int rn, rt2, res = 0; perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS, 1, regs, regs->pc); type = instr & TYPE_SWPB; switch (aarch32_check_condition(instr, regs->pstate)) { case ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_PASS: break; case ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_FAIL: /* Condition failed - return to next instruction */ goto ret; case ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_UNCOND: /* If unconditional encoding - not a SWP, undef */ return -EFAULT; default: return -EINVAL; } rn = aarch32_insn_extract_reg_num(instr, A32_RN_OFFSET); rt2 = aarch32_insn_extract_reg_num(instr, A32_RT2_OFFSET); address = (u32)regs->user_regs.regs[rn]; data = (u32)regs->user_regs.regs[rt2]; destreg = aarch32_insn_extract_reg_num(instr, A32_RT_OFFSET); pr_debug("addr in r%d->0x%08x, dest is r%d, source in r%d->0x%08x)\n", rn, address, destreg, aarch32_insn_extract_reg_num(instr, A32_RT2_OFFSET), data); /* Check access in reasonable access range for both SWP and SWPB */ user_ptr = (const void __user *)(unsigned long)(address & ~3); if (!access_ok(user_ptr, 4)) { pr_debug("SWP{B} emulation: access to 0x%08x not allowed!\n", address); goto fault; } res = emulate_swpX(address, &data, type); if (res == -EFAULT) goto fault; else if (res == 0) regs->user_regs.regs[destreg] = data; ret: if (type == TYPE_SWPB) trace_instruction_emulation("swpb", regs->pc); else trace_instruction_emulation("swp", regs->pc); pr_warn_ratelimited("\"%s\" (%ld) uses obsolete SWP{B} instruction at 0x%llx\n", current->comm, (unsigned long)current->pid, regs->pc); arm64_skip_faulting_instruction(regs, 4); return 0; fault: pr_debug("SWP{B} emulation: access caused memory abort!\n"); arm64_notify_segfault(address); return 0; } static bool try_emulate_swp(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 insn) { /* SWP{B} only exists in ARM state and does not exist in Thumb */ if (!compat_user_mode(regs) || compat_thumb_mode(regs)) return false; if ((insn & 0x0fb00ff0) != 0x01000090) return false; return swp_handler(regs, insn) == 0; } static struct insn_emulation insn_swp = { .name = "swp", .status = INSN_OBSOLETE, .try_emulate = try_emulate_swp, .set_hw_mode = NULL, }; #endif /* CONFIG_SWP_EMULATION */ #ifdef CONFIG_CP15_BARRIER_EMULATION static int cp15barrier_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 instr) { perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS, 1, regs, regs->pc); switch (aarch32_check_condition(instr, regs->pstate)) { case ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_PASS: break; case ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_FAIL: /* Condition failed - return to next instruction */ goto ret; case ARM_OPCODE_CONDTEST_UNCOND: /* If unconditional encoding - not a barrier instruction */ return -EFAULT; default: return -EINVAL; } switch (aarch32_insn_mcr_extract_crm(instr)) { case 10: /* * dmb - mcr p15, 0, Rt, c7, c10, 5 * dsb - mcr p15, 0, Rt, c7, c10, 4 */ if (aarch32_insn_mcr_extract_opc2(instr) == 5) { dmb(sy); trace_instruction_emulation( "mcr p15, 0, Rt, c7, c10, 5 ; dmb", regs->pc); } else { dsb(sy); trace_instruction_emulation( "mcr p15, 0, Rt, c7, c10, 4 ; dsb", regs->pc); } break; case 5: /* * isb - mcr p15, 0, Rt, c7, c5, 4 * * Taking an exception or returning from one acts as an * instruction barrier. So no explicit barrier needed here. */ trace_instruction_emulation( "mcr p15, 0, Rt, c7, c5, 4 ; isb", regs->pc); break; } ret: pr_warn_ratelimited("\"%s\" (%ld) uses deprecated CP15 Barrier instruction at 0x%llx\n", current->comm, (unsigned long)current->pid, regs->pc); arm64_skip_faulting_instruction(regs, 4); return 0; } static int cp15_barrier_set_hw_mode(bool enable) { if (enable) sysreg_clear_set(sctlr_el1, 0, SCTLR_EL1_CP15BEN); else sysreg_clear_set(sctlr_el1, SCTLR_EL1_CP15BEN, 0); return 0; } static bool try_emulate_cp15_barrier(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 insn) { if (!compat_user_mode(regs) || compat_thumb_mode(regs)) return false; if ((insn & 0x0fff0fdf) == 0x0e070f9a) return cp15barrier_handler(regs, insn) == 0; if ((insn & 0x0fff0fff) == 0x0e070f95) return cp15barrier_handler(regs, insn) == 0; return false; } static struct insn_emulation insn_cp15_barrier = { .name = "cp15_barrier", .status = INSN_DEPRECATED, .try_emulate = try_emulate_cp15_barrier, .set_hw_mode = cp15_barrier_set_hw_mode, }; #endif /* CONFIG_CP15_BARRIER_EMULATION */ #ifdef CONFIG_SETEND_EMULATION static int setend_set_hw_mode(bool enable) { if (!cpu_supports_mixed_endian_el0()) return -EINVAL; if (enable) sysreg_clear_set(sctlr_el1, SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0); else sysreg_clear_set(sctlr_el1, 0, SCTLR_EL1_SED); return 0; } static int compat_setend_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 big_endian) { char *insn; perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS, 1, regs, regs->pc); if (big_endian) { insn = "setend be"; regs->pstate |= PSR_AA32_E_BIT; } else { insn = "setend le"; regs->pstate &= ~PSR_AA32_E_BIT; } trace_instruction_emulation(insn, regs->pc); pr_warn_ratelimited("\"%s\" (%ld) uses deprecated setend instruction at 0x%llx\n", current->comm, (unsigned long)current->pid, regs->pc); return 0; } static int a32_setend_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 instr) { int rc = compat_setend_handler(regs, (instr >> 9) & 1); arm64_skip_faulting_instruction(regs, 4); return rc; } static int t16_setend_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 instr) { int rc = compat_setend_handler(regs, (instr >> 3) & 1); arm64_skip_faulting_instruction(regs, 2); return rc; } static bool try_emulate_setend(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 insn) { if (compat_thumb_mode(regs) && (insn & 0xfffffff7) == 0x0000b650) return t16_setend_handler(regs, insn) == 0; if (compat_user_mode(regs) && (insn & 0xfffffdff) == 0xf1010000) return a32_setend_handler(regs, insn) == 0; return false; } static struct insn_emulation insn_setend = { .name = "setend", .status = INSN_DEPRECATED, .try_emulate = try_emulate_setend, .set_hw_mode = setend_set_hw_mode, }; #endif /* CONFIG_SETEND_EMULATION */ static struct insn_emulation *insn_emulations[] = { #ifdef CONFIG_SWP_EMULATION &insn_swp, #endif #ifdef CONFIG_CP15_BARRIER_EMULATION &insn_cp15_barrier, #endif #ifdef CONFIG_SETEND_EMULATION &insn_setend, #endif }; static DEFINE_MUTEX(insn_emulation_mutex); static void enable_insn_hw_mode(void *data) { struct insn_emulation *insn = data; if (insn->set_hw_mode) insn->set_hw_mode(true); } static void disable_insn_hw_mode(void *data) { struct insn_emulation *insn = data; if (insn->set_hw_mode) insn->set_hw_mode(false); } /* Run set_hw_mode(mode) on all active CPUs */ static int run_all_cpu_set_hw_mode(struct insn_emulation *insn, bool enable) { if (!insn->set_hw_mode) return -EINVAL; if (enable) on_each_cpu(enable_insn_hw_mode, (void *)insn, true); else on_each_cpu(disable_insn_hw_mode, (void *)insn, true); return 0; } /* * Run set_hw_mode for all insns on a starting CPU. * Returns: * 0 - If all the hooks ran successfully. * -EINVAL - At least one hook is not supported by the CPU. */ static int run_all_insn_set_hw_mode(unsigned int cpu) { int rc = 0; unsigned long flags; /* * Disable IRQs to serialize against an IPI from * run_all_cpu_set_hw_mode(), ensuring the HW is programmed to the most * recent enablement state if the two race with one another. */ local_irq_save(flags); for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(insn_emulations); i++) { struct insn_emulation *insn = insn_emulations[i]; bool enable = READ_ONCE(insn->current_mode) == INSN_HW; if (insn->set_hw_mode && insn->set_hw_mode(enable)) { pr_warn("CPU[%u] cannot support the emulation of %s", cpu, insn->name); rc = -EINVAL; } } local_irq_restore(flags); return rc; } static int update_insn_emulation_mode(struct insn_emulation *insn, enum insn_emulation_mode prev) { int ret = 0; switch (prev) { case INSN_UNDEF: /* Nothing to be done */ break; case INSN_EMULATE: break; case INSN_HW: if (!run_all_cpu_set_hw_mode(insn, false)) pr_notice("Disabled %s support\n", insn->name); break; } switch (insn->current_mode) { case INSN_UNDEF: break; case INSN_EMULATE: break; case INSN_HW: ret = run_all_cpu_set_hw_mode(insn, true); if (!ret) pr_notice("Enabled %s support\n", insn->name); break; } return ret; } static int emulation_proc_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos) { int ret = 0; struct insn_emulation *insn = container_of(table->data, struct insn_emulation, current_mode); enum insn_emulation_mode prev_mode = insn->current_mode; mutex_lock(&insn_emulation_mutex); ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos); if (ret || !write || prev_mode == insn->current_mode) goto ret; ret = update_insn_emulation_mode(insn, prev_mode); if (ret) { /* Mode change failed, revert to previous mode. */ WRITE_ONCE(insn->current_mode, prev_mode); update_insn_emulation_mode(insn, INSN_UNDEF); } ret: mutex_unlock(&insn_emulation_mutex); return ret; } static void __init register_insn_emulation(struct insn_emulation *insn) { struct ctl_table *sysctl; insn->min = INSN_UNDEF; switch (insn->status) { case INSN_DEPRECATED: insn->current_mode = INSN_EMULATE; /* Disable the HW mode if it was turned on at early boot time */ run_all_cpu_set_hw_mode(insn, false); insn->max = INSN_HW; break; case INSN_OBSOLETE: insn->current_mode = INSN_UNDEF; insn->max = INSN_EMULATE; break; case INSN_UNAVAILABLE: insn->current_mode = INSN_UNDEF; insn->max = INSN_UNDEF; break; } /* Program the HW if required */ update_insn_emulation_mode(insn, INSN_UNDEF); if (insn->status != INSN_UNAVAILABLE) { sysctl = &insn->sysctl[0]; sysctl->mode = 0644; sysctl->maxlen = sizeof(int); sysctl->procname = insn->name; sysctl->data = &insn->current_mode; sysctl->extra1 = &insn->min; sysctl->extra2 = &insn->max; sysctl->proc_handler = emulation_proc_handler; register_sysctl_sz("abi", sysctl, 1); } } bool try_emulate_armv8_deprecated(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 insn) { for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(insn_emulations); i++) { struct insn_emulation *ie = insn_emulations[i]; if (ie->status == INSN_UNAVAILABLE) continue; /* * A trap may race with the mode being changed * INSN_EMULATE<->INSN_HW. Try to emulate the instruction to * avoid a spurious UNDEF. */ if (READ_ONCE(ie->current_mode) == INSN_UNDEF) continue; if (ie->try_emulate(regs, insn)) return true; } return false; } /* * Invoked as core_initcall, which guarantees that the instruction * emulation is ready for userspace. */ static int __init armv8_deprecated_init(void) { #ifdef CONFIG_SETEND_EMULATION if (!system_supports_mixed_endian_el0()) { insn_setend.status = INSN_UNAVAILABLE; pr_info("setend instruction emulation is not supported on this system\n"); } #endif for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(insn_emulations); i++) { struct insn_emulation *ie = insn_emulations[i]; if (ie->status == INSN_UNAVAILABLE) continue; register_insn_emulation(ie); } cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_AP_ARM64_ISNDEP_STARTING, "arm64/isndep:starting", run_all_insn_set_hw_mode, NULL); return 0; } core_initcall(armv8_deprecated_init);