// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later /* * Kernel Probes (KProbes) * * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004 * * 2002-Oct Created by Vamsi Krishna S <vamsi_krishna@in.ibm.com> Kernel * Probes initial implementation ( includes contributions from * Rusty Russell). * 2004-July Suparna Bhattacharya <suparna@in.ibm.com> added jumper probes * interface to access function arguments. * 2004-Nov Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> kprobes port * for PPC64 */ #include <linux/kprobes.h> #include <linux/ptrace.h> #include <linux/preempt.h> #include <linux/extable.h> #include <linux/kdebug.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/moduleloader.h> #include <linux/set_memory.h> #include <asm/code-patching.h> #include <asm/cacheflush.h> #include <asm/sstep.h> #include <asm/sections.h> #include <asm/inst.h> #include <linux/uaccess.h> DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe *, current_kprobe) = NULL; DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe_ctlblk, kprobe_ctlblk); struct kretprobe_blackpoint kretprobe_blacklist[] = {{NULL, NULL}}; bool arch_within_kprobe_blacklist(unsigned long addr) { return (addr >= (unsigned long)__kprobes_text_start && addr < (unsigned long)__kprobes_text_end) || (addr >= (unsigned long)_stext && addr < (unsigned long)__head_end); } kprobe_opcode_t *kprobe_lookup_name(const char *name, unsigned int offset) { kprobe_opcode_t *addr = NULL; #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V2 /* PPC64 ABIv2 needs local entry point */ addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(name); if (addr && !offset) { #ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE unsigned long faddr; /* * Per livepatch.h, ftrace location is always within the first * 16 bytes of a function on powerpc with -mprofile-kernel. */ faddr = ftrace_location_range((unsigned long)addr, (unsigned long)addr + 16); if (faddr) addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)faddr; else #endif addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)ppc_function_entry(addr); } #elif defined(CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V1) /* * 64bit powerpc ABIv1 uses function descriptors: * - Check for the dot variant of the symbol first. * - If that fails, try looking up the symbol provided. * * This ensures we always get to the actual symbol and not * the descriptor. * * Also handle <module:symbol> format. */ char dot_name[MODULE_NAME_LEN + 1 + KSYM_NAME_LEN]; bool dot_appended = false; const char *c; ssize_t ret = 0; int len = 0; if ((c = strnchr(name, MODULE_NAME_LEN, ':')) != NULL) { c++; len = c - name; memcpy(dot_name, name, len); } else c = name; if (*c != '\0' && *c != '.') { dot_name[len++] = '.'; dot_appended = true; } ret = strscpy(dot_name + len, c, KSYM_NAME_LEN); if (ret > 0) addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(dot_name); /* Fallback to the original non-dot symbol lookup */ if (!addr && dot_appended) addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(name); #else addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(name); #endif return addr; } static bool arch_kprobe_on_func_entry(unsigned long offset) { #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V2 #ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE return offset <= 16; #else return offset <= 8; #endif #else return !offset; #endif } /* XXX try and fold the magic of kprobe_lookup_name() in this */ kprobe_opcode_t *arch_adjust_kprobe_addr(unsigned long addr, unsigned long offset, bool *on_func_entry) { *on_func_entry = arch_kprobe_on_func_entry(offset); return (kprobe_opcode_t *)(addr + offset); } void *alloc_insn_page(void) { void *page; page = module_alloc(PAGE_SIZE); if (!page) return NULL; if (strict_module_rwx_enabled()) set_memory_rox((unsigned long)page, 1); return page; } int arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p) { int ret = 0; struct kprobe *prev; ppc_inst_t insn = ppc_inst_read(p->addr); if ((unsigned long)p->addr & 0x03) { printk("Attempt to register kprobe at an unaligned address\n"); ret = -EINVAL; } else if (!can_single_step(ppc_inst_val(insn))) { printk("Cannot register a kprobe on instructions that can't be single stepped\n"); ret = -EINVAL; } else if ((unsigned long)p->addr & ~PAGE_MASK && ppc_inst_prefixed(ppc_inst_read(p->addr - 1))) { printk("Cannot register a kprobe on the second word of prefixed instruction\n"); ret = -EINVAL; } prev = get_kprobe(p->addr - 1); /* * When prev is a ftrace-based kprobe, we don't have an insn, and it * doesn't probe for prefixed instruction. */ if (prev && !kprobe_ftrace(prev) && ppc_inst_prefixed(ppc_inst_read(prev->ainsn.insn))) { printk("Cannot register a kprobe on the second word of prefixed instruction\n"); ret = -EINVAL; } /* insn must be on a special executable page on ppc64. This is * not explicitly required on ppc32 (right now), but it doesn't hurt */ if (!ret) { p->ainsn.insn = get_insn_slot(); if (!p->ainsn.insn) ret = -ENOMEM; } if (!ret) { patch_instruction(p->ainsn.insn, insn); p->opcode = ppc_inst_val(insn); } p->ainsn.boostable = 0; return ret; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_prepare_kprobe); void arch_arm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p) { WARN_ON_ONCE(patch_instruction(p->addr, ppc_inst(BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION))); } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_arm_kprobe); void arch_disarm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p) { WARN_ON_ONCE(patch_instruction(p->addr, ppc_inst(p->opcode))); } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_disarm_kprobe); void arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe *p) { if (p->ainsn.insn) { free_insn_slot(p->ainsn.insn, 0); p->ainsn.insn = NULL; } } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_remove_kprobe); static nokprobe_inline void prepare_singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs) { enable_single_step(regs); /* * On powerpc we should single step on the original * instruction even if the probed insn is a trap * variant as values in regs could play a part in * if the trap is taken or not */ regs_set_return_ip(regs, (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn); } static nokprobe_inline void save_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb) { kcb->prev_kprobe.kp = kprobe_running(); kcb->prev_kprobe.status = kcb->kprobe_status; kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_msr = kcb->kprobe_saved_msr; } static nokprobe_inline void restore_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb) { __this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, kcb->prev_kprobe.kp); kcb->kprobe_status = kcb->prev_kprobe.status; kcb->kprobe_saved_msr = kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_msr; } static nokprobe_inline void set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs, struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb) { __this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, p); kcb->kprobe_saved_msr = regs->msr; } void arch_prepare_kretprobe(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs) { ri->ret_addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)regs->link; ri->fp = NULL; /* Replace the return addr with trampoline addr */ regs->link = (unsigned long)__kretprobe_trampoline; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_prepare_kretprobe); static int try_to_emulate(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs) { int ret; ppc_inst_t insn = ppc_inst_read(p->ainsn.insn); /* regs->nip is also adjusted if emulate_step returns 1 */ ret = emulate_step(regs, insn); if (ret > 0) { /* * Once this instruction has been boosted * successfully, set the boostable flag */ if (unlikely(p->ainsn.boostable == 0)) p->ainsn.boostable = 1; } else if (ret < 0) { /* * We don't allow kprobes on mtmsr(d)/rfi(d), etc. * So, we should never get here... but, its still * good to catch them, just in case... */ printk("Can't step on instruction %08lx\n", ppc_inst_as_ulong(insn)); BUG(); } else { /* * If we haven't previously emulated this instruction, then it * can't be boosted. Note it down so we don't try to do so again. * * If, however, we had emulated this instruction in the past, * then this is just an error with the current run (for * instance, exceptions due to a load/store). We return 0 so * that this is now single-stepped, but continue to try * emulating it in subsequent probe hits. */ if (unlikely(p->ainsn.boostable != 1)) p->ainsn.boostable = -1; } return ret; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(try_to_emulate); int kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs) { struct kprobe *p; int ret = 0; unsigned int *addr = (unsigned int *)regs->nip; struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb; if (user_mode(regs)) return 0; if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BOOKE) && (!(regs->msr & MSR_IR) || !(regs->msr & MSR_DR))) return 0; /* * We don't want to be preempted for the entire * duration of kprobe processing */ preempt_disable(); kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk(); p = get_kprobe(addr); if (!p) { unsigned int instr; if (get_kernel_nofault(instr, addr)) goto no_kprobe; if (instr != BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION) { /* * PowerPC has multiple variants of the "trap" * instruction. If the current instruction is a * trap variant, it could belong to someone else */ if (is_trap(instr)) goto no_kprobe; /* * The breakpoint instruction was removed right * after we hit it. Another cpu has removed * either a probepoint or a debugger breakpoint * at this address. In either case, no further * handling of this interrupt is appropriate. */ ret = 1; } /* Not one of ours: let kernel handle it */ goto no_kprobe; } /* Check we're not actually recursing */ if (kprobe_running()) { kprobe_opcode_t insn = *p->ainsn.insn; if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_HIT_SS && is_trap(insn)) { /* Turn off 'trace' bits */ regs_set_return_msr(regs, (regs->msr & ~MSR_SINGLESTEP) | kcb->kprobe_saved_msr); goto no_kprobe; } /* * We have reentered the kprobe_handler(), since another probe * was hit while within the handler. We here save the original * kprobes variables and just single step on the instruction of * the new probe without calling any user handlers. */ save_previous_kprobe(kcb); set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb); kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p); kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_REENTER; if (p->ainsn.boostable >= 0) { ret = try_to_emulate(p, regs); if (ret > 0) { restore_previous_kprobe(kcb); preempt_enable(); return 1; } } prepare_singlestep(p, regs); return 1; } kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE; set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb); if (p->pre_handler && p->pre_handler(p, regs)) { /* handler changed execution path, so skip ss setup */ reset_current_kprobe(); preempt_enable(); return 1; } if (p->ainsn.boostable >= 0) { ret = try_to_emulate(p, regs); if (ret > 0) { if (p->post_handler) p->post_handler(p, regs, 0); kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE; reset_current_kprobe(); preempt_enable(); return 1; } } prepare_singlestep(p, regs); kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS; return 1; no_kprobe: preempt_enable(); return ret; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_handler); /* * Function return probe trampoline: * - init_kprobes() establishes a probepoint here * - When the probed function returns, this probe * causes the handlers to fire */ asm(".global __kretprobe_trampoline\n" ".type __kretprobe_trampoline, @function\n" "__kretprobe_trampoline:\n" "nop\n" "blr\n" ".size __kretprobe_trampoline, .-__kretprobe_trampoline\n"); /* * Called when the probe at kretprobe trampoline is hit */ static int trampoline_probe_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs) { unsigned long orig_ret_address; orig_ret_address = __kretprobe_trampoline_handler(regs, NULL); /* * We get here through one of two paths: * 1. by taking a trap -> kprobe_handler() -> here * 2. by optprobe branch -> optimized_callback() -> opt_pre_handler() -> here * * When going back through (1), we need regs->nip to be setup properly * as it is used to determine the return address from the trap. * For (2), since nip is not honoured with optprobes, we instead setup * the link register properly so that the subsequent 'blr' in * __kretprobe_trampoline jumps back to the right instruction. * * For nip, we should set the address to the previous instruction since * we end up emulating it in kprobe_handler(), which increments the nip * again. */ regs_set_return_ip(regs, orig_ret_address - 4); regs->link = orig_ret_address; return 0; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(trampoline_probe_handler); /* * Called after single-stepping. p->addr is the address of the * instruction whose first byte has been replaced by the "breakpoint" * instruction. To avoid the SMP problems that can occur when we * temporarily put back the original opcode to single-step, we * single-stepped a copy of the instruction. The address of this * copy is p->ainsn.insn. */ int kprobe_post_handler(struct pt_regs *regs) { int len; struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running(); struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk(); if (!cur || user_mode(regs)) return 0; len = ppc_inst_len(ppc_inst_read(cur->ainsn.insn)); /* make sure we got here for instruction we have a kprobe on */ if (((unsigned long)cur->ainsn.insn + len) != regs->nip) return 0; if ((kcb->kprobe_status != KPROBE_REENTER) && cur->post_handler) { kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE; cur->post_handler(cur, regs, 0); } /* Adjust nip to after the single-stepped instruction */ regs_set_return_ip(regs, (unsigned long)cur->addr + len); regs_set_return_msr(regs, regs->msr | kcb->kprobe_saved_msr); /*Restore back the original saved kprobes variables and continue. */ if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER) { restore_previous_kprobe(kcb); goto out; } reset_current_kprobe(); out: preempt_enable(); /* * if somebody else is singlestepping across a probe point, msr * will have DE/SE set, in which case, continue the remaining processing * of do_debug, as if this is not a probe hit. */ if (regs->msr & MSR_SINGLESTEP) return 0; return 1; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_post_handler); int kprobe_fault_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, int trapnr) { struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running(); struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk(); const struct exception_table_entry *entry; switch(kcb->kprobe_status) { case KPROBE_HIT_SS: case KPROBE_REENTER: /* * We are here because the instruction being single * stepped caused a page fault. We reset the current * kprobe and the nip points back to the probe address * and allow the page fault handler to continue as a * normal page fault. */ regs_set_return_ip(regs, (unsigned long)cur->addr); /* Turn off 'trace' bits */ regs_set_return_msr(regs, (regs->msr & ~MSR_SINGLESTEP) | kcb->kprobe_saved_msr); if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER) restore_previous_kprobe(kcb); else reset_current_kprobe(); preempt_enable(); break; case KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE: case KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE: /* * In case the user-specified fault handler returned * zero, try to fix up. */ if ((entry = search_exception_tables(regs->nip)) != NULL) { regs_set_return_ip(regs, extable_fixup(entry)); return 1; } /* * fixup_exception() could not handle it, * Let do_page_fault() fix it. */ break; default: break; } return 0; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_fault_handler); static struct kprobe trampoline_p = { .addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *) &__kretprobe_trampoline, .pre_handler = trampoline_probe_handler }; int __init arch_init_kprobes(void) { return register_kprobe(&trampoline_p); } int arch_trampoline_kprobe(struct kprobe *p) { if (p->addr == (kprobe_opcode_t *)&__kretprobe_trampoline) return 1; return 0; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_trampoline_kprobe);