// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* * Code for replacing ftrace calls with jumps. * * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> * * Thanks goes out to P.A. Semi, Inc for supplying me with a PPC64 box. * * Added function graph tracer code, taken from x86 that was written * by Frederic Weisbecker, and ported to PPC by Steven Rostedt. * */ #define pr_fmt(fmt) "ftrace-powerpc: " fmt #include <linux/spinlock.h> #include <linux/hardirq.h> #include <linux/uaccess.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/ftrace.h> #include <linux/percpu.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/list.h> #include <asm/cacheflush.h> #include <asm/code-patching.h> #include <asm/ftrace.h> #include <asm/syscall.h> #include <asm/inst.h> /* * We generally only have a single long_branch tramp and at most 2 or 3 plt * tramps generated. But, we don't use the plt tramps currently. We also allot * 2 tramps after .text and .init.text. So, we only end up with around 3 usable * tramps in total. Set aside 8 just to be sure. */ #define NUM_FTRACE_TRAMPS 8 static unsigned long ftrace_tramps[NUM_FTRACE_TRAMPS]; static ppc_inst_t ftrace_call_replace(unsigned long ip, unsigned long addr, int link) { ppc_inst_t op; addr = ppc_function_entry((void *)addr); /* if (link) set op to 'bl' else 'b' */ create_branch(&op, (u32 *)ip, addr, link ? BRANCH_SET_LINK : 0); return op; } static inline int ftrace_modify_code(unsigned long ip, ppc_inst_t old, ppc_inst_t new) { ppc_inst_t replaced; /* * Note: * We are paranoid about modifying text, as if a bug was to happen, it * could cause us to read or write to someplace that could cause harm. * Carefully read and modify the code with probe_kernel_*(), and make * sure what we read is what we expected it to be before modifying it. */ /* read the text we want to modify */ if (copy_inst_from_kernel_nofault(&replaced, (void *)ip)) return -EFAULT; /* Make sure it is what we expect it to be */ if (!ppc_inst_equal(replaced, old)) { pr_err("%p: replaced (%08lx) != old (%08lx)", (void *)ip, ppc_inst_as_ulong(replaced), ppc_inst_as_ulong(old)); return -EINVAL; } /* replace the text with the new text */ return patch_instruction((u32 *)ip, new); } /* * Helper functions that are the same for both PPC64 and PPC32. */ static int test_24bit_addr(unsigned long ip, unsigned long addr) { addr = ppc_function_entry((void *)addr); return is_offset_in_branch_range(addr - ip); } static int is_bl_op(ppc_inst_t op) { return (ppc_inst_val(op) & ~PPC_LI_MASK) == PPC_RAW_BL(0); } static int is_b_op(ppc_inst_t op) { return (ppc_inst_val(op) & ~PPC_LI_MASK) == PPC_RAW_BRANCH(0); } static unsigned long find_bl_target(unsigned long ip, ppc_inst_t op) { int offset; offset = PPC_LI(ppc_inst_val(op)); /* make it signed */ if (offset & 0x02000000) offset |= 0xfe000000; return ip + (long)offset; } #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES static int __ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) { unsigned long entry, ptr, tramp; unsigned long ip = rec->ip; ppc_inst_t op, pop; /* read where this goes */ if (copy_inst_from_kernel_nofault(&op, (void *)ip)) { pr_err("Fetching opcode failed.\n"); return -EFAULT; } /* Make sure that this is still a 24bit jump */ if (!is_bl_op(op)) { pr_err("Not expected bl: opcode is %08lx\n", ppc_inst_as_ulong(op)); return -EINVAL; } /* lets find where the pointer goes */ tramp = find_bl_target(ip, op); pr_devel("ip:%lx jumps to %lx", ip, tramp); if (module_trampoline_target(mod, tramp, &ptr)) { pr_err("Failed to get trampoline target\n"); return -EFAULT; } pr_devel("trampoline target %lx", ptr); entry = ppc_global_function_entry((void *)addr); /* This should match what was called */ if (ptr != entry) { pr_err("addr %lx does not match expected %lx\n", ptr, entry); return -EINVAL; } if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MPROFILE_KERNEL)) { if (copy_inst_from_kernel_nofault(&op, (void *)(ip - 4))) { pr_err("Fetching instruction at %lx failed.\n", ip - 4); return -EFAULT; } /* We expect either a mflr r0, or a std r0, LRSAVE(r1) */ if (!ppc_inst_equal(op, ppc_inst(PPC_RAW_MFLR(_R0))) && !ppc_inst_equal(op, ppc_inst(PPC_INST_STD_LR))) { pr_err("Unexpected instruction %08lx around bl _mcount\n", ppc_inst_as_ulong(op)); return -EINVAL; } } else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PPC64)) { /* * Check what is in the next instruction. We can see ld r2,40(r1), but * on first pass after boot we will see mflr r0. */ if (copy_inst_from_kernel_nofault(&op, (void *)(ip + 4))) { pr_err("Fetching op failed.\n"); return -EFAULT; } if (!ppc_inst_equal(op, ppc_inst(PPC_INST_LD_TOC))) { pr_err("Expected %08lx found %08lx\n", PPC_INST_LD_TOC, ppc_inst_as_ulong(op)); return -EINVAL; } } /* * When using -mprofile-kernel or PPC32 there is no load to jump over. * * Otherwise our original call site looks like: * * bl <tramp> * ld r2,XX(r1) * * Milton Miller pointed out that we can not simply nop the branch. * If a task was preempted when calling a trace function, the nops * will remove the way to restore the TOC in r2 and the r2 TOC will * get corrupted. * * Use a b +8 to jump over the load. */ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MPROFILE_KERNEL) || IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PPC32)) pop = ppc_inst(PPC_RAW_NOP()); else pop = ppc_inst(PPC_RAW_BRANCH(8)); /* b +8 */ if (patch_instruction((u32 *)ip, pop)) { pr_err("Patching NOP failed.\n"); return -EPERM; } return 0; } #else static int __ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) { return 0; } #endif /* CONFIG_MODULES */ static unsigned long find_ftrace_tramp(unsigned long ip) { int i; /* * We have the compiler generated long_branch tramps at the end * and we prefer those */ for (i = NUM_FTRACE_TRAMPS - 1; i >= 0; i--) if (!ftrace_tramps[i]) continue; else if (is_offset_in_branch_range(ftrace_tramps[i] - ip)) return ftrace_tramps[i]; return 0; } static int add_ftrace_tramp(unsigned long tramp) { int i; for (i = 0; i < NUM_FTRACE_TRAMPS; i++) if (!ftrace_tramps[i]) { ftrace_tramps[i] = tramp; return 0; } return -1; } /* * If this is a compiler generated long_branch trampoline (essentially, a * trampoline that has a branch to _mcount()), we re-write the branch to * instead go to ftrace_[regs_]caller() and note down the location of this * trampoline. */ static int setup_mcount_compiler_tramp(unsigned long tramp) { int i; ppc_inst_t op; unsigned long ptr; /* Is this a known long jump tramp? */ for (i = 0; i < NUM_FTRACE_TRAMPS; i++) if (ftrace_tramps[i] == tramp) return 0; /* New trampoline -- read where this goes */ if (copy_inst_from_kernel_nofault(&op, (void *)tramp)) { pr_debug("Fetching opcode failed.\n"); return -1; } /* Is this a 24 bit branch? */ if (!is_b_op(op)) { pr_debug("Trampoline is not a long branch tramp.\n"); return -1; } /* lets find where the pointer goes */ ptr = find_bl_target(tramp, op); if (ptr != ppc_global_function_entry((void *)_mcount)) { pr_debug("Trampoline target %p is not _mcount\n", (void *)ptr); return -1; } /* Let's re-write the tramp to go to ftrace_[regs_]caller */ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS)) ptr = ppc_global_function_entry((void *)ftrace_regs_caller); else ptr = ppc_global_function_entry((void *)ftrace_caller); if (patch_branch((u32 *)tramp, ptr, 0)) { pr_debug("REL24 out of range!\n"); return -1; } if (add_ftrace_tramp(tramp)) { pr_debug("No tramp locations left\n"); return -1; } return 0; } static int __ftrace_make_nop_kernel(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) { unsigned long tramp, ip = rec->ip; ppc_inst_t op; /* Read where this goes */ if (copy_inst_from_kernel_nofault(&op, (void *)ip)) { pr_err("Fetching opcode failed.\n"); return -EFAULT; } /* Make sure that this is still a 24bit jump */ if (!is_bl_op(op)) { pr_err("Not expected bl: opcode is %08lx\n", ppc_inst_as_ulong(op)); return -EINVAL; } /* Let's find where the pointer goes */ tramp = find_bl_target(ip, op); pr_devel("ip:%lx jumps to %lx", ip, tramp); if (setup_mcount_compiler_tramp(tramp)) { /* Are other trampolines reachable? */ if (!find_ftrace_tramp(ip)) { pr_err("No ftrace trampolines reachable from %ps\n", (void *)ip); return -EINVAL; } } if (patch_instruction((u32 *)ip, ppc_inst(PPC_RAW_NOP()))) { pr_err("Patching NOP failed.\n"); return -EPERM; } return 0; } int ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) { unsigned long ip = rec->ip; ppc_inst_t old, new; /* * If the calling address is more that 24 bits away, * then we had to use a trampoline to make the call. * Otherwise just update the call site. */ if (test_24bit_addr(ip, addr)) { /* within range */ old = ftrace_call_replace(ip, addr, 1); new = ppc_inst(PPC_RAW_NOP()); return ftrace_modify_code(ip, old, new); } else if (core_kernel_text(ip)) { return __ftrace_make_nop_kernel(rec, addr); } else if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MODULES)) { return -EINVAL; } /* * Out of range jumps are called from modules. * We should either already have a pointer to the module * or it has been passed in. */ if (!rec->arch.mod) { if (!mod) { pr_err("No module loaded addr=%lx\n", addr); return -EFAULT; } rec->arch.mod = mod; } else if (mod) { if (mod != rec->arch.mod) { pr_err("Record mod %p not equal to passed in mod %p\n", rec->arch.mod, mod); return -EINVAL; } /* nothing to do if mod == rec->arch.mod */ } else mod = rec->arch.mod; return __ftrace_make_nop(mod, rec, addr); } #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES /* * Examine the existing instructions for __ftrace_make_call. * They should effectively be a NOP, and follow formal constraints, * depending on the ABI. Return false if they don't. */ static bool expected_nop_sequence(void *ip, ppc_inst_t op0, ppc_inst_t op1) { if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS)) return ppc_inst_equal(op0, ppc_inst(PPC_RAW_NOP())); else return ppc_inst_equal(op0, ppc_inst(PPC_RAW_BRANCH(8))) && ppc_inst_equal(op1, ppc_inst(PPC_INST_LD_TOC)); } static int __ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) { ppc_inst_t op[2]; void *ip = (void *)rec->ip; unsigned long entry, ptr, tramp; struct module *mod = rec->arch.mod; /* read where this goes */ if (copy_inst_from_kernel_nofault(op, ip)) return -EFAULT; if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS) && copy_inst_from_kernel_nofault(op + 1, ip + 4)) return -EFAULT; if (!expected_nop_sequence(ip, op[0], op[1])) { pr_err("Unexpected call sequence at %p: %08lx %08lx\n", ip, ppc_inst_as_ulong(op[0]), ppc_inst_as_ulong(op[1])); return -EINVAL; } /* If we never set up ftrace trampoline(s), then bail */ if (!mod->arch.tramp || (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS) && !mod->arch.tramp_regs)) { pr_err("No ftrace trampoline\n"); return -EINVAL; } if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS) && rec->flags & FTRACE_FL_REGS) tramp = mod->arch.tramp_regs; else tramp = mod->arch.tramp; if (module_trampoline_target(mod, tramp, &ptr)) { pr_err("Failed to get trampoline target\n"); return -EFAULT; } pr_devel("trampoline target %lx", ptr); entry = ppc_global_function_entry((void *)addr); /* This should match what was called */ if (ptr != entry) { pr_err("addr %lx does not match expected %lx\n", ptr, entry); return -EINVAL; } if (patch_branch(ip, tramp, BRANCH_SET_LINK)) { pr_err("REL24 out of range!\n"); return -EINVAL; } return 0; } #else static int __ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) { return 0; } #endif /* CONFIG_MODULES */ static int __ftrace_make_call_kernel(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) { ppc_inst_t op; void *ip = (void *)rec->ip; unsigned long tramp, entry, ptr; /* Make sure we're being asked to patch branch to a known ftrace addr */ entry = ppc_global_function_entry((void *)ftrace_caller); ptr = ppc_global_function_entry((void *)addr); if (ptr != entry && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS)) entry = ppc_global_function_entry((void *)ftrace_regs_caller); if (ptr != entry) { pr_err("Unknown ftrace addr to patch: %ps\n", (void *)ptr); return -EINVAL; } /* Make sure we have a nop */ if (copy_inst_from_kernel_nofault(&op, ip)) { pr_err("Unable to read ftrace location %p\n", ip); return -EFAULT; } if (!ppc_inst_equal(op, ppc_inst(PPC_RAW_NOP()))) { pr_err("Unexpected call sequence at %p: %08lx\n", ip, ppc_inst_as_ulong(op)); return -EINVAL; } tramp = find_ftrace_tramp((unsigned long)ip); if (!tramp) { pr_err("No ftrace trampolines reachable from %ps\n", ip); return -EINVAL; } if (patch_branch(ip, tramp, BRANCH_SET_LINK)) { pr_err("Error patching branch to ftrace tramp!\n"); return -EINVAL; } return 0; } int ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) { unsigned long ip = rec->ip; ppc_inst_t old, new; /* * If the calling address is more that 24 bits away, * then we had to use a trampoline to make the call. * Otherwise just update the call site. */ if (test_24bit_addr(ip, addr)) { /* within range */ old = ppc_inst(PPC_RAW_NOP()); new = ftrace_call_replace(ip, addr, 1); return ftrace_modify_code(ip, old, new); } else if (core_kernel_text(ip)) { return __ftrace_make_call_kernel(rec, addr); } else if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MODULES)) { /* We should not get here without modules */ return -EINVAL; } /* * Out of range jumps are called from modules. * Being that we are converting from nop, it had better * already have a module defined. */ if (!rec->arch.mod) { pr_err("No module loaded\n"); return -EINVAL; } return __ftrace_make_call(rec, addr); } #ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES static int __ftrace_modify_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long old_addr, unsigned long addr) { ppc_inst_t op; unsigned long ip = rec->ip; unsigned long entry, ptr, tramp; struct module *mod = rec->arch.mod; /* If we never set up ftrace trampolines, then bail */ if (!mod->arch.tramp || !mod->arch.tramp_regs) { pr_err("No ftrace trampoline\n"); return -EINVAL; } /* read where this goes */ if (copy_inst_from_kernel_nofault(&op, (void *)ip)) { pr_err("Fetching opcode failed.\n"); return -EFAULT; } /* Make sure that this is still a 24bit jump */ if (!is_bl_op(op)) { pr_err("Not expected bl: opcode is %08lx\n", ppc_inst_as_ulong(op)); return -EINVAL; } /* lets find where the pointer goes */ tramp = find_bl_target(ip, op); entry = ppc_global_function_entry((void *)old_addr); pr_devel("ip:%lx jumps to %lx", ip, tramp); if (tramp != entry) { /* old_addr is not within range, so we must have used a trampoline */ if (module_trampoline_target(mod, tramp, &ptr)) { pr_err("Failed to get trampoline target\n"); return -EFAULT; } pr_devel("trampoline target %lx", ptr); /* This should match what was called */ if (ptr != entry) { pr_err("addr %lx does not match expected %lx\n", ptr, entry); return -EINVAL; } } /* The new target may be within range */ if (test_24bit_addr(ip, addr)) { /* within range */ if (patch_branch((u32 *)ip, addr, BRANCH_SET_LINK)) { pr_err("REL24 out of range!\n"); return -EINVAL; } return 0; } if (rec->flags & FTRACE_FL_REGS) tramp = mod->arch.tramp_regs; else tramp = mod->arch.tramp; if (module_trampoline_target(mod, tramp, &ptr)) { pr_err("Failed to get trampoline target\n"); return -EFAULT; } pr_devel("trampoline target %lx", ptr); entry = ppc_global_function_entry((void *)addr); /* This should match what was called */ if (ptr != entry) { pr_err("addr %lx does not match expected %lx\n", ptr, entry); return -EINVAL; } if (patch_branch((u32 *)ip, tramp, BRANCH_SET_LINK)) { pr_err("REL24 out of range!\n"); return -EINVAL; } return 0; } #else static int __ftrace_modify_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long old_addr, unsigned long addr) { return 0; } #endif int ftrace_modify_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long old_addr, unsigned long addr) { unsigned long ip = rec->ip; ppc_inst_t old, new; /* * If the calling address is more that 24 bits away, * then we had to use a trampoline to make the call. * Otherwise just update the call site. */ if (test_24bit_addr(ip, addr) && test_24bit_addr(ip, old_addr)) { /* within range */ old = ftrace_call_replace(ip, old_addr, 1); new = ftrace_call_replace(ip, addr, 1); return ftrace_modify_code(ip, old, new); } else if (core_kernel_text(ip)) { /* * We always patch out of range locations to go to the regs * variant, so there is nothing to do here */ return 0; } else if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MODULES)) { /* We should not get here without modules */ return -EINVAL; } /* * Out of range jumps are called from modules. */ if (!rec->arch.mod) { pr_err("No module loaded\n"); return -EINVAL; } return __ftrace_modify_call(rec, old_addr, addr); } #endif int ftrace_update_ftrace_func(ftrace_func_t func) { unsigned long ip = (unsigned long)(&ftrace_call); ppc_inst_t old, new; int ret; old = ppc_inst_read((u32 *)&ftrace_call); new = ftrace_call_replace(ip, (unsigned long)func, 1); ret = ftrace_modify_code(ip, old, new); /* Also update the regs callback function */ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS) && !ret) { ip = (unsigned long)(&ftrace_regs_call); old = ppc_inst_read((u32 *)&ftrace_regs_call); new = ftrace_call_replace(ip, (unsigned long)func, 1); ret = ftrace_modify_code(ip, old, new); } return ret; } /* * Use the default ftrace_modify_all_code, but without * stop_machine(). */ void arch_ftrace_update_code(int command) { ftrace_modify_all_code(command); } #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64 #define PACATOC offsetof(struct paca_struct, kernel_toc) extern unsigned int ftrace_tramp_text[], ftrace_tramp_init[]; void ftrace_free_init_tramp(void) { int i; for (i = 0; i < NUM_FTRACE_TRAMPS && ftrace_tramps[i]; i++) if (ftrace_tramps[i] == (unsigned long)ftrace_tramp_init) { ftrace_tramps[i] = 0; return; } } int __init ftrace_dyn_arch_init(void) { int i; unsigned int *tramp[] = { ftrace_tramp_text, ftrace_tramp_init }; u32 stub_insns[] = { PPC_RAW_LD(_R12, _R13, PACATOC), PPC_RAW_ADDIS(_R12, _R12, 0), PPC_RAW_ADDI(_R12, _R12, 0), PPC_RAW_MTCTR(_R12), PPC_RAW_BCTR() }; unsigned long addr; long reladdr; if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS)) addr = ppc_global_function_entry((void *)ftrace_regs_caller); else addr = ppc_global_function_entry((void *)ftrace_caller); reladdr = addr - kernel_toc_addr(); if (reladdr >= SZ_2G || reladdr < -(long)SZ_2G) { pr_err("Address of %ps out of range of kernel_toc.\n", (void *)addr); return -1; } for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { memcpy(tramp[i], stub_insns, sizeof(stub_insns)); tramp[i][1] |= PPC_HA(reladdr); tramp[i][2] |= PPC_LO(reladdr); add_ftrace_tramp((unsigned long)tramp[i]); } return 0; } #endif #ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER extern void ftrace_graph_call(void); extern void ftrace_graph_stub(void); static int ftrace_modify_ftrace_graph_caller(bool enable) { unsigned long ip = (unsigned long)(&ftrace_graph_call); unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)(&ftrace_graph_caller); unsigned long stub = (unsigned long)(&ftrace_graph_stub); ppc_inst_t old, new; if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_ARGS)) return 0; old = ftrace_call_replace(ip, enable ? stub : addr, 0); new = ftrace_call_replace(ip, enable ? addr : stub, 0); return ftrace_modify_code(ip, old, new); } int ftrace_enable_ftrace_graph_caller(void) { return ftrace_modify_ftrace_graph_caller(true); } int ftrace_disable_ftrace_graph_caller(void) { return ftrace_modify_ftrace_graph_caller(false); } /* * Hook the return address and push it in the stack of return addrs * in current thread info. Return the address we want to divert to. */ static unsigned long __prepare_ftrace_return(unsigned long parent, unsigned long ip, unsigned long sp) { unsigned long return_hooker; int bit; if (unlikely(ftrace_graph_is_dead())) goto out; if (unlikely(atomic_read(¤t->tracing_graph_pause))) goto out; bit = ftrace_test_recursion_trylock(ip, parent); if (bit < 0) goto out; return_hooker = ppc_function_entry(return_to_handler); if (!function_graph_enter(parent, ip, 0, (unsigned long *)sp)) parent = return_hooker; ftrace_test_recursion_unlock(bit); out: return parent; } #ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_ARGS void ftrace_graph_func(unsigned long ip, unsigned long parent_ip, struct ftrace_ops *op, struct ftrace_regs *fregs) { fregs->regs.link = __prepare_ftrace_return(parent_ip, ip, fregs->regs.gpr[1]); } #else unsigned long prepare_ftrace_return(unsigned long parent, unsigned long ip, unsigned long sp) { return __prepare_ftrace_return(parent, ip, sp); } #endif #endif /* CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER */ #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V1 char *arch_ftrace_match_adjust(char *str, const char *search) { if (str[0] == '.' && search[0] != '.') return str + 1; else return str; } #endif /* CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V1 */