// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/sched/task.h> #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h> #include <linux/interrupt.h> #include <asm/sections.h> #include <asm/ptrace.h> #include <asm/bitops.h> #include <asm/stacktrace.h> #include <asm/unwind.h> #define FRAME_HEADER_SIZE (sizeof(long) * 2) unsigned long unwind_get_return_address(struct unwind_state *state) { if (unwind_done(state)) return 0; return __kernel_text_address(state->ip) ? state->ip : 0; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unwind_get_return_address); unsigned long *unwind_get_return_address_ptr(struct unwind_state *state) { if (unwind_done(state)) return NULL; return state->regs ? &state->regs->ip : state->bp + 1; } static void unwind_dump(struct unwind_state *state) { static bool dumped_before = false; bool prev_zero, zero = false; unsigned long word, *sp; struct stack_info stack_info = {0}; unsigned long visit_mask = 0; if (dumped_before) return; dumped_before = true; printk_deferred("unwind stack type:%d next_sp:%p mask:0x%lx graph_idx:%d\n", state->stack_info.type, state->stack_info.next_sp, state->stack_mask, state->graph_idx); for (sp = PTR_ALIGN(state->orig_sp, sizeof(long)); sp; sp = PTR_ALIGN(stack_info.next_sp, sizeof(long))) { if (get_stack_info(sp, state->task, &stack_info, &visit_mask)) break; for (; sp < stack_info.end; sp++) { word = READ_ONCE_NOCHECK(*sp); prev_zero = zero; zero = word == 0; if (zero) { if (!prev_zero) printk_deferred("%p: %0*x ...\n", sp, BITS_PER_LONG/4, 0); continue; } printk_deferred("%p: %0*lx (%pB)\n", sp, BITS_PER_LONG/4, word, (void *)word); } } } static bool in_entry_code(unsigned long ip) { char *addr = (char *)ip; return addr >= __entry_text_start && addr < __entry_text_end; } static inline unsigned long *last_frame(struct unwind_state *state) { return (unsigned long *)task_pt_regs(state->task) - 2; } static bool is_last_frame(struct unwind_state *state) { return state->bp == last_frame(state); } #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32 #define GCC_REALIGN_WORDS 3 #else #define GCC_REALIGN_WORDS 1 #endif static inline unsigned long *last_aligned_frame(struct unwind_state *state) { return last_frame(state) - GCC_REALIGN_WORDS; } static bool is_last_aligned_frame(struct unwind_state *state) { unsigned long *last_bp = last_frame(state); unsigned long *aligned_bp = last_aligned_frame(state); /* * GCC can occasionally decide to realign the stack pointer and change * the offset of the stack frame in the prologue of a function called * by head/entry code. Examples: * * <start_secondary>: * push %edi * lea 0x8(%esp),%edi * and $0xfffffff8,%esp * pushl -0x4(%edi) * push %ebp * mov %esp,%ebp * * <x86_64_start_kernel>: * lea 0x8(%rsp),%r10 * and $0xfffffffffffffff0,%rsp * pushq -0x8(%r10) * push %rbp * mov %rsp,%rbp * * After aligning the stack, it pushes a duplicate copy of the return * address before pushing the frame pointer. */ return (state->bp == aligned_bp && *(aligned_bp + 1) == *(last_bp + 1)); } static bool is_last_ftrace_frame(struct unwind_state *state) { unsigned long *last_bp = last_frame(state); unsigned long *last_ftrace_bp = last_bp - 3; /* * When unwinding from an ftrace handler of a function called by entry * code, the stack layout of the last frame is: * * bp * parent ret addr * bp * function ret addr * parent ret addr * pt_regs * ----------------- */ return (state->bp == last_ftrace_bp && *state->bp == *(state->bp + 2) && *(state->bp + 1) == *(state->bp + 4)); } static bool is_last_task_frame(struct unwind_state *state) { return is_last_frame(state) || is_last_aligned_frame(state) || is_last_ftrace_frame(state); } /* * This determines if the frame pointer actually contains an encoded pointer to * pt_regs on the stack. See ENCODE_FRAME_POINTER. */ #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 static struct pt_regs *decode_frame_pointer(unsigned long *bp) { unsigned long regs = (unsigned long)bp; if (!(regs & 0x1)) return NULL; return (struct pt_regs *)(regs & ~0x1); } #else static struct pt_regs *decode_frame_pointer(unsigned long *bp) { unsigned long regs = (unsigned long)bp; if (regs & 0x80000000) return NULL; return (struct pt_regs *)(regs | 0x80000000); } #endif /* * While walking the stack, KMSAN may stomp on stale locals from other * functions that were marked as uninitialized upon function exit, and * now hold the call frame information for the current function (e.g. the frame * pointer). Because KMSAN does not specifically mark call frames as * initialized, false positive reports are possible. To prevent such reports, * we mark the functions scanning the stack (here and below) with * __no_kmsan_checks. */ __no_kmsan_checks static bool update_stack_state(struct unwind_state *state, unsigned long *next_bp) { struct stack_info *info = &state->stack_info; enum stack_type prev_type = info->type; struct pt_regs *regs; unsigned long *frame, *prev_frame_end, *addr_p, addr; size_t len; if (state->regs) prev_frame_end = (void *)state->regs + sizeof(*state->regs); else prev_frame_end = (void *)state->bp + FRAME_HEADER_SIZE; /* Is the next frame pointer an encoded pointer to pt_regs? */ regs = decode_frame_pointer(next_bp); if (regs) { frame = (unsigned long *)regs; len = sizeof(*regs); state->got_irq = true; } else { frame = next_bp; len = FRAME_HEADER_SIZE; } /* * If the next bp isn't on the current stack, switch to the next one. * * We may have to traverse multiple stacks to deal with the possibility * that info->next_sp could point to an empty stack and the next bp * could be on a subsequent stack. */ while (!on_stack(info, frame, len)) if (get_stack_info(info->next_sp, state->task, info, &state->stack_mask)) return false; /* Make sure it only unwinds up and doesn't overlap the prev frame: */ if (state->orig_sp && state->stack_info.type == prev_type && frame < prev_frame_end) return false; /* Move state to the next frame: */ if (regs) { state->regs = regs; state->bp = NULL; } else { state->bp = next_bp; state->regs = NULL; } /* Save the return address: */ if (state->regs && user_mode(state->regs)) state->ip = 0; else { addr_p = unwind_get_return_address_ptr(state); addr = READ_ONCE_TASK_STACK(state->task, *addr_p); state->ip = unwind_recover_ret_addr(state, addr, addr_p); } /* Save the original stack pointer for unwind_dump(): */ if (!state->orig_sp) state->orig_sp = frame; return true; } __no_kmsan_checks bool unwind_next_frame(struct unwind_state *state) { struct pt_regs *regs; unsigned long *next_bp; if (unwind_done(state)) return false; /* Have we reached the end? */ if (state->regs && user_mode(state->regs)) goto the_end; if (is_last_task_frame(state)) { regs = task_pt_regs(state->task); /* * kthreads (other than the boot CPU's idle thread) have some * partial regs at the end of their stack which were placed * there by copy_thread(). But the regs don't have any * useful information, so we can skip them. * * This user_mode() check is slightly broader than a PF_KTHREAD * check because it also catches the awkward situation where a * newly forked kthread transitions into a user task by calling * kernel_execve(), which eventually clears PF_KTHREAD. */ if (!user_mode(regs)) goto the_end; /* * We're almost at the end, but not quite: there's still the * syscall regs frame. Entry code doesn't encode the regs * pointer for syscalls, so we have to set it manually. */ state->regs = regs; state->bp = NULL; state->ip = 0; return true; } /* Get the next frame pointer: */ if (state->next_bp) { next_bp = state->next_bp; state->next_bp = NULL; } else if (state->regs) { next_bp = (unsigned long *)state->regs->bp; } else { next_bp = (unsigned long *)READ_ONCE_TASK_STACK(state->task, *state->bp); } /* Move to the next frame if it's safe: */ if (!update_stack_state(state, next_bp)) goto bad_address; return true; bad_address: state->error = true; /* * When unwinding a non-current task, the task might actually be * running on another CPU, in which case it could be modifying its * stack while we're reading it. This is generally not a problem and * can be ignored as long as the caller understands that unwinding * another task will not always succeed. */ if (state->task != current) goto the_end; /* * Don't warn if the unwinder got lost due to an interrupt in entry * code or in the C handler before the first frame pointer got set up: */ if (state->got_irq && in_entry_code(state->ip)) goto the_end; if (state->regs && state->regs->sp >= (unsigned long)last_aligned_frame(state) && state->regs->sp < (unsigned long)task_pt_regs(state->task)) goto the_end; /* * There are some known frame pointer issues on 32-bit. Disable * unwinder warnings on 32-bit until it gets objtool support. */ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32)) goto the_end; if (state->task != current) goto the_end; if (state->regs) { printk_deferred_once(KERN_WARNING "WARNING: kernel stack regs at %p in %s:%d has bad 'bp' value %p\n", state->regs, state->task->comm, state->task->pid, next_bp); unwind_dump(state); } else { printk_deferred_once(KERN_WARNING "WARNING: kernel stack frame pointer at %p in %s:%d has bad value %p\n", state->bp, state->task->comm, state->task->pid, next_bp); unwind_dump(state); } the_end: state->stack_info.type = STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN; return false; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unwind_next_frame); void __unwind_start(struct unwind_state *state, struct task_struct *task, struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long *first_frame) { unsigned long *bp; memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state)); state->task = task; state->got_irq = (regs); /* Don't even attempt to start from user mode regs: */ if (regs && user_mode(regs)) { state->stack_info.type = STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN; return; } bp = get_frame_pointer(task, regs); /* * If we crash with IP==0, the last successfully executed instruction * was probably an indirect function call with a NULL function pointer. * That means that SP points into the middle of an incomplete frame: * *SP is a return pointer, and *(SP-sizeof(unsigned long)) is where we * would have written a frame pointer if we hadn't crashed. * Pretend that the frame is complete and that BP points to it, but save * the real BP so that we can use it when looking for the next frame. */ if (regs && regs->ip == 0 && (unsigned long *)regs->sp >= first_frame) { state->next_bp = bp; bp = ((unsigned long *)regs->sp) - 1; } /* Initialize stack info and make sure the frame data is accessible: */ get_stack_info(bp, state->task, &state->stack_info, &state->stack_mask); update_stack_state(state, bp); /* * The caller can provide the address of the first frame directly * (first_frame) or indirectly (regs->sp) to indicate which stack frame * to start unwinding at. Skip ahead until we reach it. */ while (!unwind_done(state) && (!on_stack(&state->stack_info, first_frame, sizeof(long)) || (state->next_bp == NULL && state->bp < first_frame))) unwind_next_frame(state); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__unwind_start);